Central banks usually have all of the fo d y.cd70oplwk( )tgbe2u,1 mkllowing goals except:

  Which of the following is a strength of kejg 3vl .w5k fx;/-sul0sw;vfiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing long-tellg j;s;*uz:krm government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the centjsg ;*z;ukl :lral bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with holding money/ (wc +5tl2ysla k:myhrp3r+b:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strength of monet8+qq:v,aagu w ary poliu+v aaq:wg ,8qcy:

  The following statements are tr i p+c10flfu7rue except:

  Which of the following i*w*6malq+urbpb ;m l,s an example of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Iran avu:f ,mkdy4g:j/ 8r tstands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, c:j fr v/gtky48,mu:daalculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's nl20qkh- ;vp jt:g0k h(ECB) goal is to increase the money supply; select which of the follow p20h:lqktjnk0hg-; v ing options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implemewkehy4 /n+h:f ntation of expansionary fiscal policyyw :/4ek+fnhh ?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriat;nolqec brn- kb;:.4i e reason for the central bank to increase-;kbr. l:qbeinonc;4 the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy act04;kzu4u d hlpions would most effectively close au 4d 0uh;zkpl4n inflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is tru shh mz1p3(jec1+wy ay(4ud4l e of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may resultozki/2, rv(ms;/ .xcni uref(9s )jbt from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national y(d kl2i wdn pj92a8x+income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmgkys p/n42 8sxrwa,9 ne;)c chission mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rat rxhank4cce9)yp/;, w s 8g2snes to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap