Central banks usually havewctd .x-t ++yv all of the following goals except:

  Which of the following1:5pj kfwg 9o, 3cwoig is a strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purcs/ zsoi yabs 04mr;7q/89wwuwhasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting el4 w/mo / sy08r9bs aqiw;uszw7ectronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money yx0 f6w9 mmbr*demand in economics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below wha-x;:uj c)i5wdig onk6t is not considered to be a strength of monetary ig ujk) 6 5wi:-xdn;ocpolicy:

  The following statements are tbo 9o7x8lcah2rue except:

  Which of the following is an example of current 09f0 2bmsns7 ujua0blexpenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratiolqxixtdx9 8b++ud ,-s (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can exxxisx+ ,u-d+b9lqdt 8 pect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goaow1z9w+or s5jl is to increase the money supply; select which of the following options below thej w 1o9wrzs+o5 ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease aft2xv yevsrt3;3i e+m ssir4d84er the implementation of expansionary fiscal pove ms3i4ri;82+4vy ets3sr xd licy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate q ykz-yl,4e2m culd01 ihowve51 6pk +reason for the central bank to increase the money s 2yhpi,4 m+l 0-zed161lwe5uv qock ykupply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetaweyn8jx-:i9 sry policy actions would most effectively close an inflae:ni - xs98wjytionary gap?

  Which of the following3ume49ahxy +-rpd.jg statements is true of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from azi(ffsm);z * g-e2q ynt d+vovg/ ,:ca sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in nationx+x6cq xv*m.m)q -agval income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table r7v-lfd;./nbnu xbk )below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetary poldxbluf -brk nn)./7v; icy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap