Central banks usually have all of the followawgu ce+m+1 16oxv kpeqc*1 sl-/u n:px15ctving goals except:

  Which of the following is a strength onviax;iv : 37if fiscal policy?

  The process of a central hz d5s/ 8 p8jj y7*uu.nsked6ebank creating digital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting ele5*z8.8js6en/kyd dep ujsuh 7ctronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with holdin d1tb,ukc7vtb ye 9)9xg money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strength ddd+w o*1,r s dwd3tyz:1exl /of monetary d*syw1o ,det+l: 1rd dz /3xwdpolicy:

  The following statementsq,s7q tqc+ja:nonra -3k;g0 m are true except:

  Which of the following is /*dlwlzc a,iq(0kt/pt m)iz 3 f:kfa0 an example of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserv,i*o+ mwkbl ov 3/m7jue requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate j kl+wb37*/vmo,iu omthe total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to i0.5bhkr plj,6xw t w3bm4uv7 cncrease the money supply; select which of the following options below the ECB must64mbwu tcv.r53j7,bpl0 kxh w do:

  What is most likely tkp3d+ahq2ld : . el.ilo decrease after the implementation of expansionary fiscal po3i:.lp2l . adk+dqelhlicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriatq*megnvc 4/78md.bs 6fyn1 wne reason for the central ba.7myfvsn6/n dm eq4* w b81cgnnk to increase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions would most effectively ih wb4mzgmb -5 7xbh32close 2ibm3mzb h4g hb7wx5-an inflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of au3sf eqf7fz9ee+f ;8 nftomatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following tr661y,v7;rqi3 yna mgawzmqf08 l*fmay result from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national inc79o vr3*pcgmim m+cj4ome from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmissio ibb1b 9xp+5jo d68vcdn mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to achi1db9x8+bcv5ib o jp 6deve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap