Central banks usually have all of the following goals exceptwz xqiwm-+rck2 ,,z/c:

  Which of the followio)4pg)bx .uct: ag-fn ng is a strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital mone n v4c+n59xcjny by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank x5 nn9jv4cnc+is the definition of:

  The concept of money dyl 4pqy58bf2demand in economics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered tor rc taf4+muu . g/p;+d,mig4u be a strength of monetary pg+;4/ucr p a f+igdm .ut4,rumolicy:

  The following statements are true except:(r2n 0cc5iztt

  Which of the following is an examloy2*o0 x0g9h8j om9mra fht/ple of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve a6vc sv 8/*9dgfcd l dif5tl0/requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creatic0fl/sil9v6vd fd8 adgt/c* 5on you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increab zr1/;o npl,qse the money supply; select which of the followol1;zrqp nb, /ing options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrelud6pjjo8 cncq( 54,s ase after the implementation of expansionary fiscal polic5qsjdl6c noj(8c ,u4 py?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which wo 9cbcj;mbv*o 7uld be the most appropriate reason for the central bank to increase the money sup 97mb;cobv *cjply:

  Which combination of h gv(y53cx hgsgy5e7 /fiscal and monetary policy actions would most effectively close an infla g5 hye/x5y7 (hgcvsg3tionary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stabilisb5 /han wh22m2+lxc65 pncl ylers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained budget defici/q4*smsjrk.smyhe( ( t?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in natipw f 0-4xdo7co6x/3h,9j7 ltcto1 coefk or9ional income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a con.nbc 9d3y6y r5 c.ypwzyey (4btractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an e6by(.zynwy.dy5 b4 r9c ype3cxternal balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap