Central banks usually have all of the following goals erb8,o p23mpwlyt a+8 zxcept:

  Which of the following is a streng2-..ny.d4hrto8hedx h y 1 +qn+uw lxeth of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purc4y0w f97cl89. ct a5z*k+fwm wmhpweihasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts helcf95h m 0k+ww7tf9cam*pz 8l4e .wywid with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not ass:e fvbry3 r* laa 5i2;ea6iq2vociated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strength ofwsnnf;j /6uqbz t2p9hd44u- u monetary po;4/fnh9uj 6pt-szqb4d n wuu 2licy:

  The following statement-2v (tlcwg5 ris are true except:

  Which of the following is an e oxvr aidb qhe3(*a,4yw-7jwx3fh.*l xample of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Iran s57vm 62)j*-+eikax c rvqmpzqh vw22rtands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the t2h)vmce7*vai+2 j r-2wqv xp5z k6 mqrotal credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money supd o3 a6c1x)fun8x4exdply; select which of the following opc 3dfn)d1 468 ouexxaxtions below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementatio/rz f3zie8v, 3hmo)-vdjt s/ cn of expansionary fiscal p/o/v)sm,t8ce 33 vhizrzf- jdolicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below js. xexdn9f4g,8ii *q which would be the most appropriate reason for the central bankxq. iis8j9g*dfenx4 , to increase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monrc 3j h/q0yicm, 9+ n,zoei-myetary policy actions would most effectively close an inflationary geyh q0zicmoy,/,+ r-mc3 jni9ap?

  Which of the following stater86 y i7pu.nfaments is true of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sus)bchr5i qa( is,od9h3 tained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in nationalrd( fo,rc ixs aj1z7(ni./xu3 income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanivfp(g vl5sa+ d .arf53sm of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an external a pvsfral 5f.5(+v3gdbalance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap