Central banks usually have all of thr yiqcx4 10o,se following goals except:

  Which of the following is a strength o oppw yx,eb(:gpvu(;(f fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing long-terbw2zxk m1ymcz12b:mi/; nig2 m government secz2k m/iz122xg;wb i m1nmbcy :urities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not sw2w;6z:i12w u siwykassociated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a ;/i-qgp:xphs 5cp v* wstrength of monetary policx - /;pqhgp5cvi:sp*w y:

  The following statementl/ceev*y3:u hwtl c9/s are true except:

  Which of the following is anrdt5*70ogq c jllf( v3 example of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Irx i/7ra 14h9 dv0fhf yqmle:twzi/63van stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Ri3rh/me aixf wt:9qi6h vzd4/1 7yf vl0al (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to incre hr8h/-hn/ es3moip0c ase the money supply; select 3s hpmo0rihh/8ec-/ n which of the following options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementa38e c/q, kg.ozloi zp;tion of expansionary fiscal poli;ep3 8gz/l,o.ikoc zq cy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate reh*;9zqj3aockm j9pj,n* j/bi-x + ccgason for the central bank to increase the money supzkg cj3po* ;i9jjjqb9-hccx n/*am,+ ply:

  Which combination ofzby /*h /9ecgk fiscal and monetary policy actions would most effectively close* yeb h9/zgkc/ an inflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stabiliag0:wn;g10c7dib wex sers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result fromuklv jn fr9e1ic;3a :p 1+ukfok9o47 v a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income fr(ew: eal :cva7om a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropwbn(hqzu5bs.mya9 4 -riate transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an external bala hb4y.ms 9-na(w5q uzbnce.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap