Central banks usuallzl1l q9(1oben y have all of the following goals except:

  Which of the following is a streng/g) :vvte 5vod 3ya;ljbc7 i tat23yl)th of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing long-term goz hm0i .)pf;2 cmjbq6qvernment securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the defi. c0q z;2m)fi 6jbhmqpnition of:

  The concept of money demand5s*x (sddrfo. +y md:g in economics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not consi 3*+s/hyapg rzdered to be a strength of monetarz+g prh3ya*s /y policy:

  The following statements are tr ycc5.riz 9-asue except:

  Which of the following is an example of curren 2,:4rf+ ur ;iccsziont expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement rmwe7 ybl t5p )6p.ha8tatio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the5btpw .) ytham8le p76 total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money supply;sf -7l2:*hbpqwp-biqp:qog 6 select which of the following options be pgp* qf--7q 6:sowbqi2l pbh:low the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after thdorj i y/tv/x f1u (f+o-4zi *2h/bcnqe implementation of expansionary fiscal po jqy oft -b2 /xu/4i/hfc (ndi*z1r+volicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the mostlhpnj ).f/xb1 appropriate reason for the central bank to incrlpf)xnb.1h j/ ease the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary c 2c b pdzb7ylm dvyw7,/0+ue8policy actions would most effectively close an inflationary gap 27bycdv pez8/,+wyb 0c7dmlu?

  Which of the following statements is true of automaticf4+h (nd/ 3zvrqwg7ef stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the followingvvkate) 5t30e*e urg; may result from a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national m+c i8 jqm)wlc3c5z*f 6u/syk income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission meca:q,vp ech 8x-95fmzg yecn30hanism of a contractionary monetary policy whim5xayc9ef83 0 gv hz:qe cp-n,ch involves raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap