Central banks usually have all of the following gon(igs0 ufiar. bw5o )zp57u/nals except:

  Which of the followiny38 lzffu 5 vvzj;x66fknz +z8g is a strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchasing long-term 952 :g msjwu/sb yx zg56om(bggovernment securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definitim sg g6 smzy(o59x/:wjbg5 b2uon of:

  The concept of money dema 1qe2c7rbm4t7k e-sornd in economics is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices bemh.wamfl p8w( y./: uzlow what is not considered to be a strength of monetary po8.wmlf m.:/az hy(uwplicy:

  The following statements are true excepi8nxp +/x0j 4+hjtnjx t:

  Which of the following is an example ofcetig1l pucf z-te0ksusg,,;61z6d. u 0wj.c current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (rc-6rrega1 x,deserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposi,d r-gxca1er6 t of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECr/ne;(31vtmln u cy/)f xuxj,B) goal is to increase the money supply; select wh)unml /1y3v (ur;j,etcf xn/xich of the following options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation of expansionary fisca(/d hrvpwp:tr6 7go,gto+z k /l poltdrp(+/t/rp hvgo:,zgk7 o w 6icy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the mos:yxi9 1pp 3rect appropriate reason for the central bank to increar3x i:1yp 9cpese the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary pp rxeg 4 )nci/q.zcc.0olicy actions would most effectively clcc4 . z/)n0cxeg rq.ipose an inflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stabiliserrt873.trr gyueo8 e e6,dv*ius?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result frod 8ot*ey62egd m a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change ix1xwna wrb juo;ba2;9 .d*f*on national income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropr(5g wp-qrbufrapl ,r 1l*.6qvfo0t +qiate transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to achieve an exw vrfq +, b -r0plol( u1qatgqpr65.*fternal balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap