Central banks usually have all otvnui,::;m:e zi:h yh ekd6h4f the following goals except:

  Which of the following is a strength of fiscal policoh5;7v3k0,g r.dao01eao 9skltp)s(l ywol p y?

  The process of a central bank c z1kvy785nttc6j3b 9juhbz9 z reating digital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banksy6zzvtcb u jj9z9n1ktb57h8 3 ' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics hk6u9lxd+e-)xsgt zfv6 n :7y is not associated with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what vi;-rm fd ygw5.pw/t 0is not considered to be a strength of monetary-gwp.ty; d5 0vir mf/w policy:

  The following statements are true e 2ckmn)-v z wsqrc47ic0d+m9k xcept:

  Which of the following is an example of wbnq m2)fdmdv nz74n0b 6 32aicurrent expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requirement) in Irazu)y 6z6en9v gn stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRy6zuegv) z9 n6R) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money supplkuwx43.rvqun 5 , ysq tk+40sy.t7 mbky; select which of the following option4u,b7v tqstkw q ynx.0s y.ur+k35k4ms below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation o7x-xm:s +r+qor utph 1f expansionary fiscal prxx1 :hqm ++tp-u7orsolicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate re;ev9+* fghy 9t nl)nbdason for the central bank to increase 9 ntg +hyen)9;v*bld fthe money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions wouldm. xxt z;+9*,xd rzqxol(e*jnbk7 q2u most effectively close an inflatio+o79 z 2*,let*kxxbdq q;un(x.xm jrznary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automk nnc4up4wr6bwr0yt m;,9)baatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained budget de3:iay s9gcq h:ficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income fro m8a*;qbvnnxwrz 6b 8*m a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table belowtga :foq. 0n3-vj-fc1npo 6iqd8x 9kw the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interestc6: - n3vwt i 19gf-qn0poxoa8kd.j fq rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap