Central banks usually have all of the following goals exczn .tybo7c 6r;ept:

  Which of the following is a s0q3/e9)yuno2y g iflj trength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank -p i9k/pnbo4-x -e otmnsi+y.creating digital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electroxk.py- -n/+-4ioe n obps i9mtnic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated wit9v,qm. bo 9*vwvozwe9h holding money:

  Select from the choices below what ydv b;pnbk10qu) 5 f brwk+g.rk06(fais not considered to be a strength of monetary policy:(uk 0y6g)n rb.p1krfw5 b; fav0 qbdk+

  The following statements are true en 8k,:vb/ gfa+0ncdzhxcept:

  Which of the following is an exampl6)r v3fcr6.6wsyksh k;9b ebfe of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio 3vswdhswq37 x,5opo ql)ve2; (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%,vhq3x )qows5w o3 ;lvpd2s7e. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Ceg.-: 3rp jkimtntral Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money supply; select which of the following options beloj m-t 3pri:.kgw the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after r,tvgznic3i ,a(5/xp92ai ) ke gqr6b the implementation of expansionary fiscal polic6qr iip9g b/(,t2c )a5g avez rin3,kxy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below whi6ipyjs ;k:3 s:ebkg, 9ja iw4zch would be the most appropriate reason for the central bank to increase the mona,9ii s::bj6;gpj4k ykzew3sey supply:

  Which combination of fiscal andw868r3gwhqtr qb)u w/ monetary policy actions would most effectively close an inflationary g 8/qwburrww3g6hqt )8 ap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stabilisers? kqkondwf((--9x2pia .if ; dx
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained budget cm i +4u,vylj6deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income f7ction9p ,kt rvb2)zjqajhj21 0b6y:rom a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table belz2s tq,0 /ntw9mz sl2now the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising interest rates to acm0sqtz2wt, zls9/ n2n hieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap