Central banks usually hav4eo5hll4:q. , umlmate all of the following goals except:

  Which of the following is a strength of fi hqo b+6r**fn2 cfxq3ea( p3uoscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by2atjd3g:tl;u,: zmk o purchasing long-term government d3u ,omag :l:2;jkttz securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with h *eugsrn dq6e 86yy67oolding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not consideredluh kh*+ug 7:eanv4+ w to be a strength of monetary policy: nu 7u +v:h+ale*wg4hk

  The following statements arex4 2iu,xz 7nxb true except:

  Which of the following is 1wou 6jp m/0cjc0qb+p an example of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (rehr 0 il*d6/yij) f euo/gh,+zx,ho1k kserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate th jh/xol /6krhfo ez+yiku0,1gh) d *,ie total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the mo6d -ga2b c dxultl-1 uj8yfs5u/y+z ,xney supply; select which of uxj -u1fdsx -t 285c +zly/ugd6,lybathe following options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely torn 8vg 6em+gkgn37 2c5u.unxc decrease after the implementation of expansionary fiscal ncgu.g+ ngmn 5xuk8 v26c e37rpolicy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate su ep +/go38j4cgmer 7w+l)kgreason for the central bank to increase the mop/g8e4mjc er3gwkos 7+ +glu) ney supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions wou* o b1t7dvmm7cld most effectively close an inflationa o1mcd*tmv7b7 ry gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stabilisers? i+ao,q1. 3sb2s x bold
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained buga,j83foy*( d: iacs xdget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change inli /3e ku)ohw/vr-j-k national income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the approprias8bdbhzda f;8 hn 94/yvol6w0u ;y8l wte transmission mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involves raising intewlabl /b0u8hfvy968hsdwn o84 yz; ;drest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap