Central banks usually hav: b7sdn:+ lj;osowh a+.ec rs9e all of the following goals except:

  Which of the following is a.u9a9bk *mxrsr du.ghe7qhhvwi; g-,u b a55; strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creating digital money by purchax,l vrpky1 e n7xj(,eu0 h2bd;sing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the ce7y p d ,hrb12,xkvu0en;(jxlentral bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with holra9 jg*kci, d/qryx3*0 u a1ryding money:

  Select from the choices below what i5g6mlxf9v 8sn s not considered to be a strength of monetary pv6f xng5lm 89solicy:

  The following statements are true qb7wbq s1ai+ *( zqnt3except:

  Which of the following is an example of cur vawgia+4.e)q)osxm +4psweuy*y ;1 irent expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (reserve requiremenc5m6 e*jy; 1d ncj.+ -msjkkfnt) in Iran stands at 10%. If ;ke . j *dm65 -yn+cj1fjcsmnkyou have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increu 5qba-) snx r:axyy*;ase the money supply; select which of the following options below the q *)nux;yra5b-a:ysx ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation of expansionary fisc(*u*gyjqncg5bf )f d;al yjcn*qf* gu;fb( g5)d policy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below whi q23qrap xu e5dc1)z/cch would be the most appropriate reason for the central bank to incre/a1p3zde q5ru2 ccx q)ase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and*,lue8 gvz3hs monetary policy actions would most effectively close an inflationar ue*h v,lg8zs3y gap?

  Which of the following state9 n+;//r: noinrbkmiq ments is true of automatic stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result frbeq+-, ujgw *5 e4nkciom a sustained budget deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change ie cw 8)dw8v)uun national income from a $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contrz6-n lffy s5f29ithtb2 u1p2a actionary monetary policy which involves raising intertph6un-22ftf f29l bi5z ya s1est rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap