Suggest which of the following might influence a person’ek4nzl s78dob,r/a()uav2 frs environmental value system/d)rol7fe,nskauab8 z(2 4r v:

  igure: Sample EU energy efficiency label for a w( bnre9go*4:us.y.p h wuy0 p6ixzzs 0ashing machine


[Source: Dunn, Andrew (2004, December 30). File: EU energy label.png. Wikimedia. Retrieved 28 July 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.png. Copyright free]
Improving the energy efficiency of household machines will help us decrease the amount of energy we use.
Identify the environmental value system that best matches this approach.

  Identify which of the following environmental value systems is most likely helbapv / -b( .wn8d.ktwhab6uu ;d by Elon Musk, the founderupna b( a8w/;d.-buwt .vhbk6 of Tesla and Space-X.

  Figure: "The Blue Marb-f - )f3l(st(avrow2pq ;e woyle"




[Source: Category: The Blue Marble (7 December 1972). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved July 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category
#/media/File
.png. Copyright free.]
When we talk about the environmental movement we are referring to organised groups of people who take actions to protect the world around them. Humans have always taken care of their surroundings to some extent, but since the 1960s a sense of urgency has grown as we realise how beautiful, fragile and threatened our planet is.
State which of the following is not likely to have been a significant historical influence on the environmental movement.

  Identify the statement that is a prioritvpg+)c(7 *j )wyysssgy in a technocentrist worldview.

  Figure: Systems model for developing an environmental 7t **reoq3l zlpy2(qpew3 vwuwb4p01value system


Using the Figure, deduce which stage of a system would best match participating in a climate demonstration in your city.

  Figure: A sign about North A)xrs.y t:fjhv4dphkpnm 4zr- .rd.9: tlantic right whales


[Source: DrStew82. (2018, Dec 24). File
North Atlantic Right Whales sign, Belfast, Maine.jpg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved Aug 16 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
,_Belfast,_Maine.jpg. CC SA 4.0]
The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is critically endangered.
Suggest a technocentric method to save this species from extinction.

  List an input and an output of an environmental valum qxxa ;9 f-moh jg4hgs/0sl:*e system.What is input and ou9jgq/;mx4xghh fsm sa* -o:l0 tput?

  Determine which is the bk.jd6 9n2 -+ ho0t,8 abhto glrifrf(jest definition for ‘environmental value system’ (EVS).

  Figure: A systems model 4wq64 /ebjakffor developing an environmental value system





Identify which of the following best represents stage II in the development of an environmental value system as represented in the system diagram in the Figure.

  Explain the idea that the environment has 5k myk h,, ri.e*bb,rkan intrinsic value.

  Identify which of the following statements c-+tex mc dw2 wde 9xq*23 ;t-z0czhhpis most closely associated with an anthropocentric environmental value s*wz2 t h+2x dx9--pce 3d0czwtqec;mhystem.


I. The use of technological advancements is our best chance at stopping climate change.
II. As humans, we are the dominant species and thus responsible to take care of the planet.
III. Nature is inherently balanced and will restore itself if not interfered with.
IV. Small-scale agriculture is more sustainable than large-scale agriculture.

  Figure: March for Clim3+es 8o9ijxn5s eo4oxu pc9 9drzb g33ate in Katowice (2018)




Source: Mafo (2018). Marz Dia Klimatu 2018. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Marsz_Dla_Klimatu_2018.jpg. CC BY-SA 4.0]
Determine which of the following terms could describe the people taking part in the demonstration shown in this image.

  As a young 12-year-o8v: **a-fb kyxbrx 9nyld girl, Severn Suzuki spoke at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. She spoke about the damage she saw around her home in Canada and heard about from around the world. She asked world leaders to change thxbay f x*vy:-*rk9bn8eir policies. She said, ‘If you don’t know how to fix it, please, stop breaking it.’
Describe how Severn Suzuki may have shaped the outcomes of the Earth Summit in Rio.

I. Government leaders were made aware of the impact of environmental degradation on the next generation and, therefore, the impact of the legislation they were writing.
II. Legislation was written to tackle the hole in the ozone.
III. People around the world realised that raising their voices could influence the decisions made at the Rio Earth Summit.

  Figure: Wangari Maathat+: m,7 kkx:atwud hg-5 ezf-ni






[Source: File
Maathai Receives the Nobel Peace Prize.png. Wikemedia Commons. Retrieved July 17 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.png. CC SA 4.0]
Wangari Maathai received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her efforts in sustainable development. Since 1977 the Green Belt Movement that she started encouraged women to plant trees in order to combat desertification which was affecting the livelihood of the subsistence farmers in Kenya and other African countries.
Identify which of the environmental value systems listed below best matches the description of Wangari Maathai.

  Consider the following list of influential events that shaped ou;vs oey,k.7 xfr modern view of environment xyfk,7 ;ves.oalism:

I. Al Gore's book ““An Inconvenient Truth''
II. Rachel Carson's book ““Silent Spring''
III. The Fukishima Nuclear Disaster
IV. The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
Deduce which of the following is the correct order of these according to when they occurred earliest to latest.

  Identify the diagram that is not a correxz:n d:i3qcq ;a2t899krpl guv(y7 eictly drawn systems

  Identify the exchanges that a closed sysmliui+beq a1f.d3qa 2( i 3o1ftem makes with the environment.
I. Energy
II. Matter

  Figure: Systems model for developing an environmental value system1wb 7/s auuneab1w+4q



Using the Figure, deduce which stage of a system would best match participating in a climate demonstration in your city.

  A model is a simplified version of reality used to help people undersj8-(,iupdug4p dsov0 tand complex workings jv48 0dpo, (ud-gupis.
Identify which items on the following list could best be described as models.

I. The human body
II. An office building
III. The atom
IV. The solar system

  Figure: Two mesocosms for investigating an aquatic food chatge3nqah;fp 53a axc)x-s , s.in




Identify the correct description for the mesocosms shown in the Figure.What is Mesocosm 1?What is Mesocosm 2?

  Identify the statement about a sysuby wmfk3,n,r : p1r*dtems diagram that is true.

  Figure: A simplified q g/q)46wk*et)ekv:f kl(uh l:mii o/model of the carbon cycle




In the model of the carbon cycle shown in the Figure, identify the flows or processes which increase the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

  Figure: A systems mode5px *t.3g;roe)fmi kz l for developing an environmental value system





Identify which of the following best represents stage II in the development of an environmental value system as represented in the system diagram in the Figure.

  Identify which of the following is not tsn/y go- /(kxi0b m)as, vfzgs,7s1odrue of a systems diagram?

  Figure: Movement of carbon through q kn+r6rh k98*yc5x-zw lr/etthe carbon cycle





[Source: Saff, K. (2008, May 30). Filecycle-cute diagram.jpeg. Wikipedia Commons. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
.svg. Copyright free]Distinguish between transfers and transformations of carbon on the diagram of the carbon cycle.what is l. ll?

  Figure: Systems diagram o t3i ;lngubxr 0p:2nfe)4 pl7ef a tree

Deduce the processes represented by the flows of matter in the Figure.

I.RespirationII. Photosynthesis
III. Evapotranspiration
IV. Absorption

  Figure: Effect of sea level rise on the carbon sequestratin k kf2:2cryg6e ji+r9on of a salt marsh





[Source: Adapted from Tanner, Katherine, and Aaron L. Strong. (March, 2023) Assessing the Impact of Future Sea Level Rise on Blue Carbon Ecosystem Services on Long Island, New York. Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4733. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from doi.org/10.3390/su15064733. CC0 4.0]
The model in the Figure shows how sea level changes in a salt marsh area could affect the sequestration (capture) of carbon in the coming years. Data collected over the years have been used to make a prediction on the rise of sea levels in the near future and how it can decrease the capture of carbon.
Outline the disadvantages of using models like the one shown to make predictions.

I. Models do not accommodate all the factors involved.
II. Models use data that may not be the most accurate.
III. Models are oversimplified for understanding and therefore misleading.

  Figure: Systems diagram of a tree w6()l/neviql . what it Input ，Output ，Both iwl /ne iq6(lv)nput and output？



Identify the inputs and outputs of matter and energy for a tree.
I. Water
II. Sunlight
III. Heat
IV. $CO_2$
​V. O2


​

​

  Identify which of the following is an example of ,t 2(c0 lq .o,u kva0 sjpn;)jz.zkps7ulsor7transformation.

  what is Positive fx;2ku :oejaj2 h6s8l heedback loops...;Negative feedback loops...?

  State which of the following is likelyjcu )3uss ya7 ie.,o9n to lead an ecosystem to a tipping point.

  Figure: Population denso1s/ldt m:7:nei9loo e8(b rcities of a predator and its prey




[Source: Adapted from Hczam (March 2020) File: predator prey.jpg - wikimedia commons A generalized graph of a predator-prey population density cycle. Retrieved June 18,2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Predator_prey_curve.png Copyright under CC0 4.0]
The Figure shows the population density cycles of a predator and prey. Describe the relationship between the two animals.

  ldentify which of the following options about feedback is not cors,o8 mr zokcp2pqb .fmb; *h4;rectly paired with the example? cz*rsq; .,hp4f 2opokb; 8m bm

what is Feedback cycles; Example?

  Identify the stage in succession that is most likely to show resu-;im6 a/, qfaeitq/silience and the ability to withstand changesa6,fu;q sqi/a/-mi et .

  Determine which of the following sequences is an example of a negativdt+j w8c1/a uu5:o+kzmy:l lj e feedback mechacj o8uj+/ l+: wumk:t 15alydznism.

  State which of the followin d0j5ufam i*gj9k,k(a g is not accomplished by an Environmental Impact Assessmen5j(mdg*k0ja9u,kfa i t (EIA).

  In a small wooded area, trees are cut inzmyvs 4)ts4sh+k3o4 i rotation in different sections of the area depending on the type of wood and their growth rate. If the biomass of the woods ism4stok )zv s3+sy4ih 4 20,000 kg at the start of one year and the following year it is 24,000 kg, calculate the sustainable yield.

  Identify the aspect that does not define sustainabimmb8i t 5.1rjelity.

  Which of the following would not fall under the classification oqm/rq:gvi- )8/ qwn sm:mz5p6imzwh )f ecological goods that can prodi h6 z)q:)mvwpgr/ /n-z:qmmms w5q8iuce natural capital?

  Figure: Our planet




[Earth illustration, sustainability, energy, Globe, Renewable, Earth, world, humanity, together, population. (n.d.) Pxfuel. Retrieved July 14, 2023, from https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-ehpza. Copyright free.]Explain the concept of sustainable development.

I. Any development in a country or society that will bring about the reduction of natural capital is not sustainable.
II. Sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations.
III. Any development that increases the ecological footprint (EF) of a population is not considered sustainable.

  Figure: Environmental capacity vs. resource consumpt4+tuf 0h v2cn ,ob1m*zrsn )yzvkz 1j:ion




Identify which following terms best describes the difference indicated by the yellow arrow:

  An EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) isc7q:xw b )i8rk 4:u (yk 4qus:(jmogno usually carried out before a major construction project is undertaken. Outline the babo qkngmq)rk co(:748us:4xuw j y:( isic structure of an EIA.

I. Baseline studies to help monitor changes in the future.
II. Assessment of the social, economic and environmental impacts of the project in the long term.
III. Directions to observe indirect impacts of the project.

  Figure: Average per mf27k3 odzv e*capita $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014

what is Luxembourg (tonnes) ; Brazil (tonnes)?


[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]
The estimated population of Luxembourg is 640,000, while Brazil is estimated at 214 million. Using these estimates and the Figure above, calculate the total $CO_2$ emissions in tonnes for both countries.

  Identify the option in whi7;esgeq:8lda 29e (h6 ytjh botgh*j2ch the factor is not correctly paired with how it affects sustainabilh h ybe ;o79:dhq6* g2 tet(ja2es8ljgity.
what is Factor ;How it affects sustainability?

  Identify the factor that is not a way f7f2ys;)oxe zto increase sustainability.

  Figure: Average per capim/-jezm s/p.;shb4hk( xng m: ta $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014



[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]Suggest which of the following statements are supported by the information in the graph.
I. China and the U.S. had low $CO_2$ emissions between 2010 and 2014.
II. Brazil and Luxembourg had high $CO_2$emissions between 2010 and 2014.
III. France and Spain had the same amount of $CO_2$ emissions due to deforestation for food production during that time.

  Identify which of the following is 3d 6blc7p y1ngnot considered a pollutant.

  Figure: Death rates frq:rwaab; or9f) dyk 8*zcs15 jom outdoor pollution vs. GDP per capita 2019


[Source: Outdoor Air Pollution (2019) OurWorldindata.org. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution. CC BY 4.0]
Using the Figure, identify which country had the largest GDP per capita (income per person) in 2019.

  Identify the method that is not a direct method o+a n 4k*sykqx/f measuring pollution.

  In 1984 the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, released vast amo4hjev1 o zrqgrj(/6q1 unts of methyl isocyanate gas into the air. Thousands of people died in the qge / j41( rqzorv6jh1first few days after the disaster.
State the type of pollution that occurred.
what is Source ;Effect of pollution?

  State which row does not correctly match the termx) /sy:rl:lh r and the example.
what is Term ;Example?

  List the statements that are true about Dyfi jib 0 .uq;n-7dts *-lk;tvichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT):
I. DDT has saved millions of lives in the battle against malaria.
II. DDT is biomagnified along a food chain but does not bioaccumulate.
III. DDT is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has been used effectively as an insecticideI.

  Figure: Average per capita v.j()7 jgiibw $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014
what is Luxembourg (tonnes) ;Brazil (tonnes)?







[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]
The estimated population of Luxembourg is 640,000, while Brazil is estimated at 214 million. Using these estimates and the Figure above, calculate the total
CO2 emissions in tonnes for both countries.

  Figure: Levels of zinc 6q3hbov5kmr+in seawater at Palmira Beach







[Source: adapted from Tovar-Sanchez, A., et al. (2013) Sunscreen products as emerging pollutants in coastal waters.
PLoS ONE,8(6). Retrieved June 1, 2023 from https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065451. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
Some sunscreens contain chemicals such as zinc (Zn) that may be toxic to some marine life. The figure shows the concentration of zinc found in the seawater at Palmira Beach on Majorca Island over the course of a day.
Suggest the most likely conclusion that could be made from this graph.

  Figure: Death rates from outdoor pollution vs. GDP per c0t7*byl) v aw37l kalwss2ow7apita 2019




[Source: Outdoor Air Pollution (2019) OurWorldindata.org. Retrieved July 30, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution. CC BY 4.0]
The population of Egypt was approximately 100 million in 2019. Calculate approximately how many people in Egypt died from outdoor air pollution in that year.

  Figure: Average per ca pct i a(ta-urrb13p(t bd;;3mpita $CO_2$ emissions from deforestation for food production from 2010 - 2014






[Adapted from Ritchie, H and Roser, M. (2021). File: Per-capita-co2-food-deforestation.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 17, 2023 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.svg CC BY-SA 4.0]Suggest which of the following statements are supported by the information in the graph.
I. China and the U.S. had low $CO_2$ emissions between 2010 and 2014.
II. Brazil and Luxembourg had high $CO_2$emissions between 2010 and 2014.III. France and Spain had the same amount of $CO_2$ emissions due to deforestation for food production during that time.