08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about -ntp3 q g5t0*frkg k4j“sweeping out equal areas in equal time” can be derived most directly from which conserva 0p tg*4fnrj35 kg-tqktion law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system f25c:9lwb siim * y3gyzollow elliptical orbits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarizedy2:cwbi53mgs *ly9zi by which one of the following choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational attraction be6cx*n5f xc:2 k- 4m/zxql1avkkoqxed4sl ( l4tween two small objects if tslkf4 c(4*c :dakqlx /4n56 olxxevx -k1zq2mhe mass of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other with a gravitational forco0alj 5f)u1s3 ky,mt ue of 4.0 N. What will be the force if the distance betweeny 0 3t5us1f,ku jmal)o them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, have the nybg (xa;ug d1tv49z:same uniform density.ybd4(x:n z9v 1gt;agu Planet X has twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-rotati zrp)7w; wfarr5a)-fia p*xg-ng planets, X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius a7r;-zw pfax) i r*g )p-fr5waof Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a px9kvznwp+ - s6lanet can be calculated if it is orbited by a small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the folxz+nvwsp6k 9 -lowing would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with a gravitation*4 y7tyak g*ndal force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the f*4an*d ky7gty ollowing?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (ignore q:ax1nyh8 nfe;yxj,- any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of th,y:h;xexqjnf- n 1 a8ye Moon’s acceleration about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a cargo for the internationab6+t ua;2,c d q9usgiil space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitaicu62s g aq, b;+9itudtional force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surface ofzkf1)t 4 wlp sn1z:z.b the Moon experiences the same gravitational force as a second object at the surface of fzp1wt z.:z nslk)1b4 the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object that has aafv;5pwow *)c i2rtj; mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to thjw ofcp*wi ;;a5r 2v)te object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Earth and twice the r zlxp7dz3 *39 qpuntyo ol+y5.adius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at tq.zlyt3yx ouon*5l9+d 3p p7 zhe surface of this planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth amep u04/poqttff, k+ q tm- 6.4z3stpbnd a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational acceleration at the surface of the plattmqpzot4uk3ft bf6sm+pe,/q. p4-0 net is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a circular orbit x visub()xnwbe*g9ofn .6nype x+- ),with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of x n6esfye-xg)px9( u+i)nn* bb ov.w, orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypotheticab9 l.hgzp e/9fl planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s o9z/l gfbhe 9p.rbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are put into circular oru5ey6ltt 6kwt ml51(nyim g:,bit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the pe, k t:euy(li6lyn1 5mmtg6t5wriod of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radiuu6(r2i oxifv40/y1z vpl 9x/s uwmn5j s $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the following ;9ws oa b5-afk*2l +lafb v9btproblem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but no 9fbov92swatak5 ;b lf*-lba+ t change shape,

  10.42: A comet moves in 9kik0lx-v8 z ian elliptical orbit around the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on90xv-zl 8ii kk the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two sta jx33w xh6fmsvm(pd.:(. dwjurs follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are sub w.d xm((j6up.wv3fdh sj3m: xject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand4+ n,(r hb6twf1bczg l orbital radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impugn h6(41z,cf r tb+bwllse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is