08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equal areas in equal tiaw25khd9xl d9 me” can be derived most directly fx ld2 dawhk995rom which conservation law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow ellga5*t yn5 zic0guj7q0iptical orbits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the followtqy7* 5 cn0aij05zguging choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational i lk rxx02si;6attraction between two small objects if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance betx i6is lr;0xk2ween their centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other with a gravitat t:aed sz8nvw9k80s:cfof m e6;c+g9qional force of 4.0 N. What w 8:fek +gncs 09ze :wcm;tdav 698fqosill be the force if the distance between them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, have the same uniform rgjs *9yu(wvwdiy9 ki/-c /u:density. Pl w w uvy:*/icr (yu9-isjd9/kganet X has twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X and Y 07wy /3o1nouzntsr,h/ hbf6q, have the same uniform density. Planet X has zhbhu3 o1/tnoq 7ws0 r/ynf6 ,twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it ik u4 :eryv.qf5k k hw2i*f25kms orbited by a small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to y5ehf:wq2 fk mk.2 r4u*ivkk5 the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with0-lsikl cq* 0k:s8 mee a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravlseml0q * :8s k-0ckeiitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (igiwsbtew6 mo9; /9cve1nore any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best tw 1c; bw/6oe9s9 imveexpresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from ui *j;c,hho/k(t0oll the earth with a cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on 0uho lcjt(h k i;ol,*/the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surface of the Moon experiences the same gravitation gjg,hu x+.t67jom s1kal force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of th.76hgxjs u tk+jomg1,e following would be a reasonable conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object twt+*boj1 0e hchat has a mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, whc1 to *bw0e+hjich of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Eagw2+i66g rwbnpg09 au4f-4ws)uu cgg rth and twice the radiiuu4g6u2ggawsb w-n r4+ w fpc)9gg06 us of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth and a mass one-fifthe/pkb 88skd*f the Earth’s mass. The gravitational acceleration at thbfkkdes8p/*8 e surface of the planet is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a ci +ln4s k+styh9rcular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exer9l4y+s+ k tshnted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of ebtx6 kmh+ 6 3750 eqd+mhojkeme*8ft79ykliour sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take fo tkfei m5mx66el8 k 0j7k+ed h793*o+hy qmbter the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2,;lhiqs 07l q tzg9p0gf(,8uzw are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface.l8z;9glfg 7 qqh(p0w0 zsti ,u The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circulea : uq-/ffzn00 f;krnar orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the following problem, the word “weight” refers to the forc1leu4hqd m( jwf),tq6*4jbp n j/v5mce a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not 4j6n1(q,5d* fbql) wt /cmj4eujmhv pchange shape,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit aroundp go u6y2o3xh1 the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbohyp6u1 o3 xg2it farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two stars fm+(h nu: uhe0yollow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the0u yuemhn :+(h total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbital radius R 6r 0u fbiwvqg3g0 *2vdaround a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly oppogvrfvi3*6du20q gwb0 site to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is