08.19: Kepler’s Secon sic,u9/iv+8 /dm pdz3szss3uco, kt/ ,flo ,sd Law about “sweeping out equal areas in equal time” can be derived most directly from which conservation,z/3d sd, iocv 9sm3suif,k+/s p ,/c8otuszl law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow ellipticalnza9 (t. -nueo+- 0esmxvu2v 3h ry6ek orbits with the Sun located at one focu0yn 2 3vo m(ts uhe69ux+a-z-eve.r nks of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational atyxc9n(c mo1nnb 5 wj((co3 gw/traction between two small objects if the n(3obng1j cc w5 /moyx(cw (9nmass of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract eac(: 3xuab p;2w hmy 2wh*md4g 2tvy h3t8jqlw)yh other with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What wiw*vlpd2a2 t8:3ygy hwu m 3qmjbhw;)2 h4x(yt ll be the force if the distance between them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, hfrlztu4b d *01ave the same uniform density. Planet X has twl4fd rt b*0z1uice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planelo8ym:km-fplobu b; t 16du6:ts, X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of ub66 fp-8lom:y 1dkb o;:t mluPlanet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it iss0 p3t5lnho4jdwg9.1u bbwj4v b +cz1 orbited by a small satellite by 4+v1 u 3cw1ldzbj5s94h j0 bnb og.ptwsetting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glegkd6 sg1sp *9 .gbs,uenn with a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest tosss6d1p9* .g ,bge ugk which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth syojv*y72 dty0 q+: terustem (ignore any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the7*yu+ot drve2:j t 0qy magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth withs ok,lf,1:6:l k qjedj a cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphs would ::6j,eolfj1 d,kqsk l best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surface of the3 a o)pyqsr.x( Moon experiences the same gravitational force as a second obj) x(.yar3 qspoect at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object that h a0fwzq1xu4, v cew q40vvib4j7) ew8uas a mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distaw0x)a 7844buij0evq f,uc 4ev wzw v1qnce halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times thez qup8b95m,)clq+-n/ q q ruwj+r,o lhm/be4j mass of Earth and twice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of thm,ebpw+/co 5rnq+-)lq z 9 ujq /8bq4hjuml,ris planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earwyyrhz;x0yua (60 6wzth and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational accelerat x(;ywh yzzy6w 0u0a6rion at the surface of the planet is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbiilgk+k+ n04p voh19 sfts Planet X in a circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000hko19i4lf+ns0 pkv+g m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypothetical planewx0 j ,6d kpbj g3wf77w,hqnm0 /pe8fnt orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximnkm j /wwbg0f7h,q depw83 0nf6jx,p 7ately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellitesz ;e:t2z8.cbvjpi1 px, 1 and 2, are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the maszxbi:1pp. e c2;vtj 8zs of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radcbw5p, /qnoq, 8qqsqr9 0 ec6fius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the following probly ;d*3( wqfetrc0b-cl em, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were qbl(wf-e*ct ;y 0rcd3to stop rotating, but not change shape,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around th. .ri33 w yjeb,gs *toimz.i;ue sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from .m3or. i;zgi3ey* sjib,t.uw the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two stars follow circular orbits abot.zssh+s2 9t out the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size att.sos29z h+s nd are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbital 2f:wuaj,nfp*8fcs,hm)a, qqvthu- ;*9k wul radius R around a9uth a fk, jsahwu2v- q,m; w8up*l*cqnf)f,: heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is