08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equal areas ioyo 3t6* emndrs6 hh.8n equal time” can be derived most directly from which c.6*do y3eh6n ortmh8s onservation law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system folle pkx)bnu+yyg8*-d jho5)v0iow elliptical orbits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This sta0ek *-py ov uny )+d)5gbix8hjtement is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

  99.21: What happens to the force of gravitdygqmv 2 yp*0*ational attraction between two small objects if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is d*pv0*qmyy gd 2oubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each oth:z 3wdw )jtslvx,blu,+-ibr a or7f*mwfm+ 59er with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force if the distance between them rl+f: ),mvm7 9wr5xtsf*a biulzb+ww j d-3o, is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andvka09kefo) w .1y w1,la0atpcY, have the same uniform density. Planet f 0vk 0.1acpta)9ww1yoal ,keX has twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X (qgy vv-b mk.opn 5phz-0hn) ,and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius ofpv.mhg,o )k5nqh(-p0zbv- y n Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a p jc1*vq68 o* t:83 yvgpxxgxlglanet can be calculated if it is orbited by a small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the sa6xgvjgplct8o :1 q 8y*x3g*vx tellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that thibckzfuu yu3sck 7 hk9om-0* q:4xy/3e Earth attracts John Glenn with a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitationasx: y0mzq/9 4*ccbi37-oykkkuu f3uh l force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (ignore any influenc (4xl e.yawqiise618rb s+ id6e of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the.bla+iwei( 1y6 sq68ed i4 xrs Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a cargo for the in0d rgal4 yzt3v-5 aslj.fp41t ternational space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versjtll0r34sa 1g 5y.ztpfvda 4 -us distance from the surface of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at 7sp, baql xf4hbv m:+d s56-oqthe surface of the Moon experiences the same gravitational force as a second object at the ssp5 4:fmqablh oqdb7 6x -,+svurface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object that has a mastum 90ywm. pngf0 p5/es, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weigm0 5pwypt/egmf0u 9.nht at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven timel cdyy7 q,u;hf6*na3 xs the mass of Earth and twice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitati3ly7xnu,hq; d* ya6f conal acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a rjj po;a* /zeb8b. 2;io3wy ysqadius one-half that of Earth and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearl;bo8 2io3yzy;jb *.apjqs /e wy

  08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X insxl+pg(y(p),d ecfe a41 s7c pzv5bd + a circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s(y +xs dge f7ccb zals,de5)+(4vp 1pp. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

  94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a )zyz vn1*p 0ecnb:a 1ustar with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how m n zp0a1:y*uzncve)1 bany Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are put into f* y -g 5cr2qriwc qndwc;5o a()el9y9circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of s5rldr*cc9ce -y5 qa( 2) f;w nwqy9ogiatellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a cir53r 0muwyk4186 joswr2 mqphtcular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the following problem, fh)y- q4zk7g tthe word “weight” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not change sha-gy 7 t4fh)zqkpe,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun. As the comet moves f4 y(i1cp xd/u1xmsrz7rom aphezxrmx (u/1i1sc 47dpylion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

  17.48: In the binary star system show5 pdgef+c; fxfpj,82on, the two stars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices repr2fc5d + fpg8ep,j ;oxfesents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbitabiqsc:eg) z // 7x(sdcl radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this e d7qg(i) ssbx:/c c/znew elliptical orbit is