08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweepin*nynv xu-s( b8g out equal areas in equal time” can be derived most di8(u - *xsnbvnyrectly from which conservation law?

  16.17:“All planets in the solar system f6;vz wrm5,gfg ollow elliptical orbits with the Sun located at one focus,;fvg5gm6rw z of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

  99.21: What happens to the foef t*m0e00dkzj, k 9hcrce of gravitational attraction between two small objects if the mass of each object is doubled09*cf00dje,k hzem t k and the distance between their centers is doubled?

  95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other with a5 *b y oqqr-+jl;yi+jk gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force if-yb+yklj*;+ oj5qiq r the distance between them is doubled?

  14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, have the same uniform dcs ce9lye c-b.) wm)w/ensity. Planet X hw-el ccsb9)/)cwym.e as twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

  16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X +9lb v5srjs ia793njx and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has ti3l n jv+ a5xsr9sbj97wice the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

  01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbiteg01n8le amrj+d by a small satellite by setting the gravitational fol jga1enm+8 0rrce on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

  99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with a grav )mue u;cn(;c) mbj jequs9:)lmf/d f4itational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn )lc;smf4ue ( jdnfcje q;uu:) mm)b/9while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

  14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (ignore any influence ofnqsn 3ub ,;2st the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the ,bqt3s ;ns 2unMoon’s acceleration about the Earth?

  02.19: As a rocket blasts arg;p 0 p/ezavfsq66*cm k )7asway from the earth with a cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surkg7fvc; rp/sp6ems) aqz*0a6face of the Earth?

  99.33: One object at the surface of the Moon experiencmer6mb/ x 5d-les the same gravitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of themm -6 /xdbel5r following would be a reasonable conclusion?

  00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surfaca 9r -y,n3)-se,9t(i tjvpewtc(rxg k e of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass an, st((wpj -k- nrxrea3,9tcyeg)9tv id weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

  96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Earth and twxzz2c *jg 0v;uice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this pla;uj0 gcvz2z*x net is most nearly:

  98.24: A planet has a radius one-halfnusg56hbw*e 3 that of Earth and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational acceleration s5ue3gnb 6*h wat the surface of the planet is most nearly

  08.38: Akg 1200 satelliofb7wu*64o t idis4t) te orbits Planet X in a circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planetti4w*busf7)io d 6ot4 X?

  94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass o ,+wk-u(iy )bac ych3+-wjko gf our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’yk)bju cakwo- ++ch3-(gi , yws. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

  97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 a(( fs h3wp*yljnd 2, are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mas(hp3ywj*(fs ls of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

  15.22 Satellite 1 makes a cir* *dxwyb- oo+ycular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

  98.33: In the following probcbbcox z)/93:: izqp blem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, butxzq)p9i zc::obb 3bc/ not change shape,

  10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit qcps0o5bs l4.gis9c. around the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is .ss5pogc09.i4 q lcbs true?

  17.48: In the binary star sys) no (ohux)eh tv89-gktem shown, the two stars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distantghko) v9-x(o u 8)enhce D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

  06.50: A rocket is in a circ *0,m gn9o3dy-zasl prular orbit with speed vand orbital radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickl3l9dsz pg*ny,m a -0roy applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is