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?作业考试练习?美国物理杯赛(Physics Bowl)?Gravity and Planetary Motion

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习题练习：Gravity and Planetary Motion

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作者: admin 发布日期: 2025-09-14 23:04 总分: 22分得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录开始时间: 24年08月17日 16:00 切换到: 整卷模式

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equal areas i6m98 yul,qqk0/b5h fkcj -yc hn equal time” can be derived most directly from which conse908km-5u c6yqhk b/l,hcjyf qrvation law?

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16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow e 1 y,p.e;ph9 hge(6ytmmhq)spzqh4 5f lliptical orbits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of th ey,hq (mfghhm1 s96 5 )z;p.ehp4pqtye following choices?

A. Kepler’s First Law

B. Kepler’s Second Law

C. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

D. Einstein’s Law of Gravity

E. Schwarzchild’s Law of Orbits

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99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between two smal 6 xa,nvu4hq5dl objects if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doub5,vdh46 q nuaxled?

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95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other with a gravitational f,n3w4ai- pdm ai3g/ xmorce of 4.0 N. What wxdng/,a4 -wmipm3a 3iill be the force if the distance between them is doubled?

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14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating p/fxm f lj*.hezc; x0/lr myo;/lanets, X andY, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of Pheml y/xlcm/ f 0fxr.;*o/z;j lanet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

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16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X and Y, have the same uqx ep tp96y fr+cfwr)lgg30b6tl543 c niform density. Planet X has twice the radcxtw9rle+ 65r64 0 y3 bp)tf 3cpglfqgius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

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01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbited by a smch8obg29ufd9 +dr ie9 fg.v:(, b fswyall satellite o+f2fb(8 9eu,9 r9fdgv y. whbcis:dgby setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

A. the mass of the satellite

B. the radius of the satellite's orbit

C. the period of the satellite's orbit

D. Newton's universal gravitational constant

E. all of the above are required for this calculation

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99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with a gravita6 iakc7iwv3dq1 i331fyquki4 tional force F at the surface of the Earth. When 3ciqk i374 iak1uqd31wyv6 if he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (k ,poa, wc(wh)+g* bolignore any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Mw,c+ h ,bg*op) awk(oloon’s acceleration about the Earth?

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10#

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02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the ea*jagr*8z lal3 rth with a cargo for the international space station, which of az g*j*alrl3 8the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

99.33: One object at the surface of the Moon exper wwsa(wcw*s. (2dxe/diences the same gravitational force as a second object at th*.edw(cx wa2w(/s wsde surface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion?

A. both objects would fall at the same acceleration

B. the object on the Moon has the greater mass

C. the object on the Earth has the greater mass

D. both objects have identical masses

E. the object on Earth has a greater mass but the Earth has a greater rate of rotation.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surface zw/zhrxp u 340ap:qv)zgl7y8 of the moon. If we assume the my/4 :vqg3zh78zzrxu wp )pla 0oon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

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13#

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96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Earth a )p a9 o0knn+tll-)ucqnd twice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface ou9-qn0t)c+)kn p ollaf this planet is most nearly:

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14#

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98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth and a+1h y :,e wbr sbti5pae+0cl8d mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational a ++tr8ab,h: slc1pe5wbdi 0yecceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

08.38: Akg 1200 satelj3vm *nuh32ox3h6 qwylite orbits Planet X in a circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite33nw2*xv3uhymh oq6j by Planet X?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits 7y.h:m xlefh8 a star with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complet.: 8ylfehh xm7e one orbit?

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17#

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97.12: Two artificia6 7(xcap3ktj.s zle(kl satellites, 1 and 2, are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what.kcs 3(zx a6k7ltepj( is the period of satellite 2?

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18#

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15.22 Satellite 1 makes a-rk p(ja 6x2 ri(i m(zoh6(udx0 td3gl circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

A. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

B. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

C. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

D. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

E. $v_2=v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

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19#

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98.33: In the followiljg3y a/)dp -gi-rs w9ng problem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not change shape,-9 pdlr -/gwiags)y3j

A. the weight of an object at the equator would increase.

B. the weight of an object at the equator would decrease.

C. the weight of an object at the north pole would increase.

D. the weight of an object at the north pole would decrease.

E. all objects on Earth would become weightless.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around thej y0q-ar(qbl * sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest fr-a r(b*lqyjq0 om the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

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21#

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17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two stars follow circular orbits aboq91b;+s5k 0a) ei9xyz/plbuf6tedss ut the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to )9eyt0dpu bf6zs+bia 9qsl 5se;kx 1/their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

A. $\frac{π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

B. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

C. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{GT^{2}}$

D. $\frac{16π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

E. $\frac{25π^{2}D^{3}}{4GT^{2}}$

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbital ro0,( z(y25 o;hbowe vgd8xjbuvn*9 r kadius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and thor boh(b;ew, uojvd (yx 9n02kgvz* 58e rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is

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