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?作业考试练习?美国物理杯赛(Physics Bowl)?Gravity and Planetary Motion

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习题练习：Gravity and Planetary Motion

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作者: admin 发布日期: 2025-09-14 23:04 总分: 22分得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录开始时间: 24年08月17日 16:00 切换到: 整卷模式

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08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping (g8ue:n 8 .gdf0mu50sftpya0z bjq.oout equal areas in equal time” can be derived most directly from whic0.(fg0m8f 5ozsq 08pjeuyn uagt. b:dh conservation law?

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16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow elliptical orbits w3yjz +gm s(w3mith the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the follo wg zmjs+33m(ywing choices?

A. Kepler’s First Law

B. Kepler’s Second Law

C. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

D. Einstein’s Law of Gravity

E. Schwarzchild’s Law of Orbits

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99.21: What happens to the force ofk *;s-d t4e* x1rulp,i:ppohw t:nf*i gravitational attraction between two small objects if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance betwt *f1tr- uei op iskdl:h,xnwpp:4*;*een their centers is doubled?

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95.09 Two spherical bodies atzogp zpr9ak*)p5m- vryvd lq;;s0 2v0wk*9qjtract each other with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force if the distance between them is do*pp;k 0v pqz zv jq29ra- yvd0)srg*lm;w5k9oubled?

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14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X ankqouq8y u4eyk ,3p :76lbl3j10nhmec) w 0g mfdY, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the 0eebjk,m) 4 y7gunl33o8c y:0q1ulph6fkqwm radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

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16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets,9yz9v q2o6 h*uwoveiqn7 :p:m X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of Pla* uyq:i69hovw29zempv:qo n 7net Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

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01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbited bi n zrkn2s )0fkrw,2;ay a small satellite by setting the graw2rk) raf0zsk2n;in ,vitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

A. the mass of the satellite

B. the radius of the satellite's orbit

C. the period of the satellite's orbit

D. Newton's universal gravitational constant

E. all of the above are required for this calculation

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99.11: Assume that the Ear8i pk hmj92cu1adhx/b);g myn9i hho*9 ;vbh 3th attracts John Glenn with a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made h99; jih 2 mgk1 ah/8u)bph3bo mn*civyxd;h9his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

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14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (i.d t*6h ai/gxn7dyvzf.rq b8zh5qy:3gnore any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration a:qvfd8h. yh xnt*d/zaz 63i rq7yb. 5gbout the Earth?

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10#

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02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth withyv1 od/(y6bp s -xc8ij a cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphso-6cb18 x/y y(pvd jis would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

99.33: One object at the surfacwkmb j) l,lfsde* d/*+e of the Moon experiences the same gravitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the followin*ds)l+jkf mlw/d e*,bg would be a reasonable conclusion?

A. both objects would fall at the same acceleration

B. the object on the Moon has the greater mass

C. the object on the Earth has the greater mass

D. both objects have identical masses

E. the object on Earth has a greater mass but the Earth has a greater rate of rotation.

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12#

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00.24 Consider an object that has a mass:r2 xch pgxrh*776 ibo, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfw7 xogxbhr* :6 pihr2c7ay between Moon’s center and its surface?

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13#

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96.23: A hypothetical planet has seven times the mass of Earth and twice fca2xo aisg*3p-x ( k8the radius of Earth. The magnit- fpgai2(kxca so3*8xude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

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14#

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98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that ombi)rk4p *jd- f Earth and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational acceleration at the surface of the pr* kjidp) 4m-blanet is most nearly

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15#

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08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a circular orbit with a constant sf 2s;mbjm8- s fkg .nwo-dia2gb -5r)hpeed of 5,000m bhm--)dsg; sj.2wg82fkim 5-a rbn fo/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

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16#

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94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mas/x5 ya(jcl u6ls of our sun. The plyulj c5/(x6a lanet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

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17#

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97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1g;v8jdd ry6p: and 2, are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 ispdvd :j y68gr; twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

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18#

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15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a au qk6:my ,j59n7t0g lvg3 ivtpa;r5uw b ki6+radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

A. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

B. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

C. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

D. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

E. $v_2=v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

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19#

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98.33: In the following problem, the word “we ) cmzs12yzpg6ight” refers to the force a scale registers. If thec26) zz ygmps1 Earth were to stop rotating, but not change shape,

A. the weight of an object at the equator would increase.

B. the weight of an object at the equator would decrease.

C. the weight of an object at the north pole would increase.

D. the weight of an object at the north pole would decrease.

E. all objects on Earth would become weightless.

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20#

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10.42: A comet moves in aug,b(mumzw -s 9yqz/szy4:r( z0s rs2 n elliptical orbit around the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following (s/ zmr,u s9yzmqs0-4bw :z(2 yrszugresults is true?

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21#

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17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two srh*ue82 i8tkdtars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to the 88tdiue2h*k rir mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

A. $\frac{π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

B. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

C. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{GT^{2}}$

D. $\frac{16π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

E. $\frac{25π^{2}D^{3}}{4GT^{2}}$

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22#

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06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbital radius R ar1pe1 t-l - pmz/wq0ied) 4vwskound a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an ellipti 1-zke0 w-le4qmp)i d/wvs1tpcal orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is

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总分:22分及格:13.2分时间:不限时

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