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?作业考试练习?美国物理杯赛(Physics Bowl)?Gravity and Planetary Motion

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习题练习：Gravity and Planetary Motion

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作者: admin 发布日期: 2025-09-14 23:04 总分: 22分得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录开始时间: 24年08月17日 16:00 切换到: 整卷模式

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08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equallr6*p*qmrj(-(x kh sw areas in equal time” can be derived most directly from which conservatio* 6qx( h*mprw- sk(jrln law?

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16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow ellipticby.ulfo+fvnre. )+ i6al orbits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statemr u6 fonv +.fb).liy+eent is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

A. Kepler’s First Law

B. Kepler’s Second Law

C. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

D. Einstein’s Law of Gravity

E. Schwarzchild’s Law of Orbits

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99.21: What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between two small2r9sg8yugpe+j4bcy + objects syug 2yec+9r8g jp +b4if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

95.09 Two spherical bodies attract eacht sva36a: 0rsp other with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force ifp :rtaas30v6s the distance between them is doubled?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, havw5g;39fbcm)rvb a. pne the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of P9nb m3agbc.fr);wp 5vlanet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

16.46 Two spherical, noneejx 86k gcgx,r/3 7fn-rotating planets, X and Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of8fn/ge3rejx6g,c7 kx Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it pyzq :g6q 84(8u uqchn75o ozgis orbited by a small satellite by setting the gravitation zqgquz(75:u4p8 qyoc nogh68al force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

A. the mass of the satellite

B. the radius of the satellite's orbit

C. the period of the satellite's orbit

D. Newton's universal gravitational constant

E. all of the above are required for this calculation

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99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with a gravitational fo-kj 6yv*w1nbkkcrwtq ))m22grce F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn whiwj vknwgqby cm tkk2)12-r*6) le he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (ignore any influence of the Sualu +67r9uz0s cfbc .fn), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the cuf6 9cb+fzs lra.0u7 Earth?

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10#

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02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a cargo for the internatibk;f mu5e, isbfjs)kfh1/ 6o+ onal space station, which of the folk1of)hse/sb56 bm;kifuf+,j lowing graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

99.33: One object at the surface of the Moon experiences the samygl0 pe c y9:(mp:hxl,e gravitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reaso,p9eypl :g yl:xch 0(mnable conclusion?

A. both objects would fall at the same acceleration

B. the object on the Moon has the greater mass

C. the object on the Earth has the greater mass

D. both objects have identical masses

E. the object on Earth has a greater mass but the Earth has a greater rate of rotation.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m, and a weight, W, at th-ed-9):vf4y/h2 gw qaw qpx moe surface of the moon. :-py4 wah/qx ev-2qd 9wm)fogIf we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

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13#

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96.23: A hypothetical pl,dky ya38;o/;eeh cfianet has seven times the mass of Earth and twice the radius of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet i;ef;ahd ,/eki yc8y3 os most nearly:

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14#

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98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth and a 1u:gj* rx fcd:mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravi:x*ujr 1cg:f dtational acceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

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15#

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08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a c kw uxyngprs6l,8 9swc3cz2+d ld s-31ircular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitu +39sl dpx-dcu 6swg2yz nswc81, rk3lde of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of onw fh;k05cs g:ur sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how manyk;fn s0chgw :5 Earth years does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

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17#

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97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are put into circular orbitsy x+8iddwe5x dvq95. at the same altitude above Earth5d.we9si+ x58dvdqx y ’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a rc7sy* g) mq,2rx 3wacnb z82mdadius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

A. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

B. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

C. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

D. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

E. $v_2=v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

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19#

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98.33: In the following problem, the word “weight” 3q 1pge07abj hrefers to the force a scale registers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not ch73b01hpeg aj qange shape,

A. the weight of an object at the equator would increase.

B. the weight of an object at the equator would decrease.

C. the weight of an object at the north pole would increase.

D. the weight of an object at the north pole would decrease.

E. all objects on Earth would become weightless.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun. As the come8me ps6u(eso8zr+v 0it moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), whic8u+ v z(po ir6sm8ese0h of the following results is true?

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21#

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17.48: In the binary star system cifjb2ct sq-9i+ 7w pg/d-3jv shown, the two stars follow circular orbits about the system’s ci tpqw/ 9i7+-cfgcbjv j-s32denter of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

A. $\frac{π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

B. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

C. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{GT^{2}}$

D. $\frac{16π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

E. $\frac{25π^{2}D^{3}}{4GT^{2}}$

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbital radiusk; ;f9,nj gbk,pykz3s R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this newyb,k , g3;fkj n;p9ksz elliptical orbit is

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