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?作业考试练习?美国物理杯赛(Physics Bowl)?Gravity and Planetary Motion

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习题练习：Gravity and Planetary Motion

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作者: admin 发布日期: 2025-09-14 23:04 总分: 22分得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录开始时间: 24年08月17日 16:00 切换到: 整卷模式

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08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “swbfdgi f6+dukii m:ym e/q6z kg4:par f(a*+/;eeping out equal areas in equal time” can be der /6g( :ufg a6 adp4 kbeifqfd*myim++zk;r: i/ived most directly from which conservation law?

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16.17:“All planets in the solar syste3 bel-2+ued 3br ltu:tm follow elliptical orbits with the Sun locateb-e3+ue2l dbt3t:l u rd at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

A. Kepler’s First Law

B. Kepler’s Second Law

C. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

D. Einstein’s Law of Gravity

E. Schwarzchild’s Law of Orbits

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99.21: What happens to the force of graviw a1o5;freg.i v/gd2lv g2 f/gtational attraction between two small objects if the masi /f2ld o12e fg;vg/wggv r.a5s of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

95.09 Two spherical bodies ao6upg n a6qi,ox:he0,ttract each other with a gravitational force of 4.0 N. What will be the force if the distance betwee ho o,pq6a,6ix n:eug0n them is doubled?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, have the same ufjelf81 qo ft0tq05 k9+jul ;.vk il3oniform density. Planet X has t 9ft+.kljff 1u0q 5v0el3qi8o; tokl jwice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

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16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X uc.d:n lm (pw l15s4rrand Y, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the radius of Planet swd 51nl:m4rur.l(pc Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbited by a small s4cxc b.- njl 9259lmebuui3n iatellite by setting the gravitational9uj un.e93 ili m-cblxcnb245 force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

A. the mass of the satellite

B. the radius of the satellite's orbit

C. the period of the satellite's orbit

D. Newton's universal gravitational constant

E. all of the above are required for this calculation

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99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with a gravi s;u:-jd(orujtational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in : ouj(r;dsj-uorbit was closest to which of the following?

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (igw. i ;uz5rgz9u nff:5lnore any influence of the Sun), which onrf. zg in9u;zlf55w:u e of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the Earth?

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10#

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02.19: As a rocket blasts away from thept6 o7dimyok 7t0m4l84pig o 3 earth with a cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Eartho 0iookpdy7 3mgm l764 t8pt4i?

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

99.33: One object at the surface of the Moon experiences the same grav 2o .p-o/oregx1os*6z g(xs wkitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would/oe. w2gx(o*sk -o r so6px1gz be a reasonable conclusion?

A. both objects would fall at the same acceleration

B. the object on the Moon has the greater mass

C. the object on the Earth has the greater mass

D. both objects have identical masses

E. the object on Earth has a greater mass but the Earth has a greater rate of rotation.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

00.24 Consider an object that has a mar6bo/ 7rmbl0k ss, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance half rlk0 r/7bmbo6way between Moon’s center and its surface?

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13#

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96.23: A hypothetical pla0 doej6f929d 7 o9zu zibkyd7qnet has seven times the mass of Earth and twice the radius of Earthddfq996od zez2u o9j 0y7bi7k. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

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14#

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98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that of Earth and a mass one-fi6blf0 w dt9v4e.hg a,xfth the Earth’s mab9 htl0dag4e6f., xvwss. The gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

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15#

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08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a,hru/q4pw 2i 0 uwzar1teayj:+2jjp4 circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is e, az:wrj tuiu12a4jr w0hp/42+ q pjythe magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mawit vuwl42((d ss one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for the planet to com l( (w2d4ivuwtplete one orbit?

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17#

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97.12: Two artificial satellites, - e:hp7qp74m *ove2tfv1lezp(u. y sh 1 and 2, are put into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 7q1( zep*-vpy7:fhm2h4l oevs eptu . 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit arh(f vgoe ,3k2bound the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

A. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

B. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

C. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

D. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

E. $v_2=v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

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19#

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98.33: In the following rijz.+*8ld gx:o xz6 vproblem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale registi:x +dz8*xr6zgjl ov. ers. If the Earth were to stop rotating, but not change shape,

A. the weight of an object at the equator would increase.

B. the weight of an object at the equator would decrease.

C. the weight of an object at the north pole would increase.

D. the weight of an object at the north pole would decrease.

E. all objects on Earth would become weightless.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical orbi8:zrw(zkp g4m t around the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from ( 8:4zzwmkrgpthe sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

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21#

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17.48: In the binary star system sh*ag;j+ lt ts:g. 3t3xn cdyr,vown, the two stars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that3xtvrg*;:3ctntgl+ysd. ,ja is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

A. $\frac{π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

B. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

C. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{GT^{2}}$

D. $\frac{16π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

E. $\frac{25π^{2}D^{3}}{4GT^{2}}$

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit rsb0 hg: no,lzcxq4 , rj9-v+owith speed vand orbital radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting z4glnh9q,x sc+r -,b j0o r:ovthe rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is

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