Which of the following is the smallest unit ofiym9)g;.h jy h heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperaisg 9cwl1) )unture of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is wkb l-z wd 4il37g9h4greferred to a-g9dzwwkbig47hl4 3 ls

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the tem6coz xw4wi 4i/perature T and the 64xi4 o/ciwzw internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gasekf63 tj g;5ip-n2,g2 ffxy uv depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed un 5p7ub rixtm p+3(2,xwdoi5bbtil its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of t b ir,5b2x boud3tiwx7pp 5(m+his is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy0 +wwr c3h-ipt U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperaturesyc(eb4 0sb t1f do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heatar w in fpgiulxk 2t.(w6(),+r capacity than iron. Now, consider eqir(k)+t 6fpwg.liu2a(nwrx, ual masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made u /hp35cvt6ht3zh i.m;, pika qq2rcv+p of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of coppvti5cc, qvk.+th3zi/ 3 r p2mhh pa6q;er; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a szk io7lg fmot11*-;)fzx r.qw ubstance from the solid to the liquid state is ref;x11rlwtqf7o -.o mz zf*kgi)erred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the lic 8hxhuw,vp0a+i+ dd 0quid to the vapor state is referred t,+h 8 dcuhi0+p0dvaw xo as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a sti ak7upi,i(+*afr y3 yeady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes1xd m oiv60fl/

  When a liquid evapor5z lg w.nn1hanb* 8(bfates

  When a vapor condensegue4fc3 ls.j1s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigvdhzfz1t2. rx..u gfi + :mcz(ger and biggerd + f.1rfzghxu v2mt:.( zz.ci until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water caus0n h9fgk 9dj4y:qr(bncba2 s6es

  Equal masses of water at 4jf9rvkm w/ *7+ciijs$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of mob4y6nf0) r73qjra1n xwm c*7 kh8metolecular collisions is referred to af8yer 76bxwmh 7qkon*c 3jr4)n0ma t1s

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron/z6yst;h7 x6 gwn o-qhg s; f9wjk;x jj7osz-9 bar become hot when the w7f -osjy9gwxz-;s j 6 sokj6qzx;hn ht;9g7/ other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than j ,tcfgw;l 77v+ oqd;ma piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the followingjq,;to 7;wl7c f mgd+v physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous matersaviru/z0hxxs 9,j 80ial, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference acr,s j/9su aix0vh rz80xoss the thickness will

  A layer of insulating mater 3o4f4vb 0pownial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers no4w304vfob p have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules fro6eno,jdf) qe1m one place to another is referreq6 1,de) efnojd to as

  By what primary heat transfd70qwaap6 wf6ak6 2, yel xiy:x(an z68c(yjner mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurrsjb/i ixokp.a2e,*i,tog;+ 8vr80 w;b j brn

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humans in ma:m tc4 .igem1jintaining suitable body temperatureg iej mcm.1:t4?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleradhvo-s2v*ugw5fp * .gtion of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convecp d.v5* - g*fshuw2ovgtion currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from te:b-xx s v695q8f.fomknq.iowp;0ss he same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature nfbvxssfom0: po -5k.w9iqx.6e;8sqon a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a raj)sps4 mj-6fgdiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating pow4f- 6msjjg s)per change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred to a 45td.6xukz jss

  By what primary heat3. k 8owh-nk+sy,mfi/ad /kum transfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to hwm 5jq,nunq o5r1) 8+lnbw 6nzow much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how muchgqhxq5m:*w ;.doud; j work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of dhb*c6ejec+si d5*p7n-ff * alead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added tv 7+qqp cxfb fx8(,d1mo 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature cmqfcfx1qx,pv db +(78hange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originall8wgbm9z6 . .jmd z1rg 6mh*bfby at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of material by-,y gepri3e1)4i *0ajg zfu rp $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 ;v(zsd 4sx*s pL of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much c91 zf ojoo7e9wdlo,+ heat w d9+1l9,cjefo7z ooois added to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of m+f k3ee48xll tetal is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, ind3 4j tdfg2ah3itially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material az 4wdg5eq(e. ht $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make r06 (9o 1qvq gaxyfib.up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial6rbyo x 9qga(.1vqi0f temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted tob -tkmd/l,k :9w-r zwi explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with mkk /w:- t,d9lr-ziwb a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops5 v9 c4 2 h90)ln8lz xx5kq7htczqqkmx a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted tok97q l)xh85 txkcv9 2x nzzc4h0q5 mql thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how g un7f7e(u5bg.m0dq0 j qh- zulong would it take to heat water ifqujmu- 0 .b50eugqdgzhn 77(n this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat :jd5zvx av45z( x)zdb20 kg of water bvazdx554 d zx )jv(:zfrom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g, ,2 3q6cxs kwar$c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heat caz-ooa en(hz *.0 * xg/.eonu= $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to lian7 taz0.e fb(y+c-wpquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/m.8 -eqpgq9u bkg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of ice? gu9bpem8-qq .

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of i)20tvvh;sge78fndyh d t *b0v ce at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed j(kv*m3 mhx/tc0w1 wj from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice 9t 1lo yaf*gu8at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water )s7ol1gtt(yv qfi27h initially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water ats91k g6o3(td u3x duqff/nrfea (r 6q4 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is neededjmh/5xk 5d sn, to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gy ev8elrk mi qh9u32g+:mrr 0;ram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 10 nr-324bdpbpkw-p) y g9y y5ss0 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea bmun d8- wiayyn fyznpq.2w4-+(a (z k5y adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is e l6k3x4pto d3207 kcal/kg, and its meltx 3klo4dept 63ing point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivityox h4;vku*ije ::wa 5m of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice thaig,y:i; ebt4; d(.2 izcank hjt of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of tna;2i czi4 ( y;d,:jgi tekbh.he brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm a v7mq 0fjrs26h aw1w7thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature2wam7wr0 h1f a 7qv6sj is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensiow:z;jqs 7qoo4-j e mg/ns of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperaturj jw7/qoeom-zqg4 :;se is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m s0yvrotod,-av xjx m97nr (g59w(wcv 7 ection of concrete vyc 95xj,t7 w rxa0vvowdrog (9-7 m(n($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer16ouzuh m f:0l 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of w6) bnn)o v,ab:,rgrf heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, t i( ,+l.iwhm ra) l,tv6ko.fjohe temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant powiv)rmloi,a( lw+.ok t. 6j,hfer emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body ra5o, e3ilrakb) w emu,4diating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection a0s)uk j9mgk,o rea of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.