Which of the following is the small.5b3d 3(hyga( trfb6tlu gb5qest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat nevxpzscr/s md+ 8e0v,7(w0 xbnh fs 3m(cessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is ref k4y 8vj+pq 9c*-czgoaerred tojc48 yg*qzo- kpa cv+9 as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming (u1rshl c(t9 -5ey8 a5xl xn2yoob(so pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in8bsyx2 5nxl chy (eal5 1tuso((9-or o both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideag44)f2 4m e swgi tnks(i-j4nkl gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half the ini opwym80rf ;a3 ..o-w(e mdjyotial volup-e3jm;yy0w(. wmo o ao8 d.rfme, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy jthlavd yvlig30;5 kf7k(231gygi 5 z U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperaturegiy lmz+4p6mb n*70k fjje(* qs do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heatwnejs0*zopgm 68mfa18 kxfqrua ;*+ ; capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to ezw6sj+x*kfp0 eom *mgn81rqfau;;8aach. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold pie9ixp zkglt );5ce of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or ltkz ;g5 x)i9ploss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the s zv;i1j2 z*4ici r4pqut7h0l 1h)sj6 xds+rip olid to the liquid state is referred to as t)01+p4hiz2cxsz;qtv ih4r7ld isr p1*j6u ij he

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor stat0 m, yd4:kwxige is redg m0y:4 kwix,ferred to as the

  If heat is added to a bzk 6e*0-j-sqm f(x;av b:ue -zxk bs+pure substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze 2dhdlkukdumj 5qw nk-t13:i6-zpa9. s

  When a liquid evaporvo ;edj-y9a3yl-xb 1cates

  When a vapor condenser+t:s gtn j8z*z js d/:ti;/uys

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplddnj 57p+5*r mvfhfbl)b l jow06h1b*ets which get bigger and bwb5j5d *d1fl h7 *hl o0b+j6vprmnfb)igger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of bfd*;expjghg0z8) rq k2 e4 sa-oiling water causes

  Equal masses of water oqn:,k9 4. hws/ld kqm,km;v zat $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by egv87p x*z incfd3l 27means of molecular collisions is referred to aszig8p v e27 nlcd*3fx7

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of dlp;o q xoj; b-)*0kzlan iron bar become hot when the dx q 0)zb*l;o ;lp-jokother end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wd *hag6s04 wh8ej);nleh;g owood. This is due to the difference in whi n)hwh8 6hg;lwe;4jg*e0sadoch one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickoh m;3w0r) :wd 7yfeam t0w6fmness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across th w7w0e:ya60)omwmt3f;fmdr he thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on-k*gi 0f(otr 3 xhpaa/ a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2Kk/3 hfo*rx ga 0p(-ita. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flulve d843jf( yows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is referred ( edj lu3fyv84to as

  By what primary heat vl* 9odqo.e 6ds t6j4sv(s. 2e xqymx2transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur+1lt9uy/ /t lzu u8ebo31uxdpv5* eps

  Which of the following u.i (l8vqilf4best explains why sweating is important to humans in maintaini8ql v.4i ui(lfng suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifti 4u5:b;ypmp u n.w.whgng in an environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the p;nuwh wbp ..y:um 4g5cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the sawn 9;fdxg h;(hme materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditiodhgf (n;x;9whns, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of 66q;hono,q r ka radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating powe qo6,rhoq ;n6kr change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absencensgac3c8o+6 z1 o 1df0n4zid i of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does ;7vi4y33nfvo 7 ti5b lr4lk ja5g1dq fthe Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how mu) emcidv t1..ych heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivallmdpc eq).zko 1w0:v zj.b *-29o nlpzent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the tempdl v1s2h7 sac5erature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg :umok 9a8j5pn of water, what is the resulting temperature oumapn:9 5j 8kchange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is origin7:ri g qag6cck4 8n8rnally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of mate5 v in:n6u)h g-rnfy1yrial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of wa po+f*4 jbzjv*w ugv+(ter at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and ,jahna0nk*c(s o ta82 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is add , h*a 0oj8a2anknstc(ed to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal 6tbz6tcu3b0d 3 (h-(uglv bxwis heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, gmf c:rf+ fi4xi*048 mgm7hlb initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material atzm ehso*o4usp,p 3,u 3 $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated from its sxlkreha+1 6b; urroundings.blr6ae h1k;x + One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attectc/ 2uj r) i5/ x8(eunziqhz0mpted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximux u5/i 2z/ejrc (n0t)q8z uichm temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming thatn:)y k jf3huj0 all the gravitat )0j3un kfyh:jional energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 k*s )2h(3uwqns ube zx4W. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tanzx 3whnss2qu*u4 b) (ek from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to hean4, 5+ icbomopt 20 kg of waticpo 54nmob ,+er from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000mi vqnoyjm) 518nrs: ; g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heat yfc-(e* sve4*ksu 7ok= $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to chancxau8ltffg a-9 z,b9 ;ge it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 m/tfnt2klgn/n*nlnxzkyr9* 9 s:c:. kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of *crnf9::ngnz9.knsl ytnxm/k /t2l *ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kvw3p9*,+nx,10l;n ej)b sofco kic whg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be re (s4xy9m dx7y;w jshes.m c()cmoved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kc / l sxh(w-v04pkmii0cal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially av.hle9 -euwqypt i28 9t $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at h;cog,,) kp6:: rju o6bfjqic $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 stadwpd)4.2hn n r+7rkg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change rb.)hny2 *of yone gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requireb d:akc2rm (d+d to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tevdbz* erraak ;jft;:kh eh+, 5+tr (c:a by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead+ y6dhoz 54ozv-xqi6f is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting point i4doo +vz56y6x z- ifhqs $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of q// v yj) 7oru29so-mu0jz jdiconcrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivir 8)s/mgqlegn d)7/vav7r o0 nty of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal d ln 70m/o s)rn)vrg /8eqga7vcontact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimen nuj1zd2/lfj.sions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature j/ fu 2l1jnd.zis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m u(vvwxtvbr -dj9z-a2je4g- ete7 l74by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature -rj t4b9awu-v 2gej (vvd-l77et4ex z is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through ayric/1r 1qt6hi a -o:y 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete y /-qci61:yo1r i hatr($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of gdqe d:+, i-tqp.hlp7 heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperaturewu3qo 6zckyfu7m pj6j- wf -/6 if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel,lq:8:kvem9 y p the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted q:pye lmkv:89through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy whenre-,)3nwc (6 gm:asfhqu(j gl it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists i.qh8w t 9ad3vgnside a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.