Which of the following is the smvm -8dn;uu:hcgwgu q(5 y7(kfallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat ne/ hz .4,4ag ahhbj42cubpoaq9cessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules isdx *ye(j(hk(r referred to as*de(xk( j( rhy

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimmyzef:odc :9kas -h- .,2wsabcing pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and th.kd o- y-,b sfh9s:a2 cwz:caee swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an iy 3zeo fmp.r74evl)p/izh.o )w4j0pedeal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume*brq mr.*b8 :x.rkbgk5r pwoi o0h7+3kzklo 4 is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial intmx khog0k38 b5r: l*p4zqw +ork.obri.7b rk*ernal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U sq,(qqcj ;g0g59 dzf tat $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically is06zak y;2qfycf0lf5: vfem3 r that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher spen olxj((4u j:yq9in d(cific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. Thedij 49(ouy:qnl(jnx( same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece ofydcbo,am7)4 b aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain o,)7dby 4bamo cr loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substabf r77+i g0nwbnce from the solid to the liquid state is referre n+w0b7bgi7 rfd to as the

  The heat required to change a substanchx 4)x5t 8 -hi*r ko2tojw1szce from the liquid to the vapor state is referred tok 2rij5- w4)c 1ox*h8zotsx th as the

  If heat is added to a pure subsyz4q ( q8bgp7vtance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezest1q5wo:p4g9ip 6kne w

  When a liquid evaporates2cik0q a3ol) j

  When a vapor condenseww:)b o.tbcn+s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water dr ntplb2;9v57 xju ivk)oplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the tempe57 itpkvx9;)jvln 2 ubrature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a enr t t bv.2w,cd6q+hnuv +20vpan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water(reurim3v /to i ,)eq5 at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular cod1)qpida zj677 ,o whpllisions is referred to as6jpo p7adhiw,)dz q1 7

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an fz5x.sgb7 a(5h/yv 0lokh ,p pkh*2po iron bar become hot wh/h., g plys50p fpv*7ok z5bk2h(x oahen the other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder v+jkc8p*ielwarjj;l 7ban 4* )* )vhlto the touch than a piece of wood. 7jjjivrb + *nwl;)4va*hkl)ce8a l*p This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the ra+ +4dzezos bqetj mo 9/q)n)2vte of heat loss for a given temperature difference ac)t/boz)+q2je+ 4zvnso m de9q ross the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivag , fp6hmk*:8qvoap:ity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?qm : :v6,fkhp*8gaa po

  The process whereby heat ff- id j)gviw(28k;p-*bqtev xqdbi1 )lows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is refi(- i) dx;8edqpv g2)vbf 1wibtk*-jqerred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mech3zd l,ty4ezzj.ym1 f2 anism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur7hzl +lhr zpz,g8z4:2z:qmka 0w(pty

  Which of the following best explains why sweatin.e vw nr67a.ang is important to humans in maintai 6rwe.nnava 7.ning suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration k;x2z(z-fdl s qoi 6a(of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on o2xok-(q;as6f zdz il( ne side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same materials+nerv vtpk: 0mq/(f:z. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supp0r n:vk:fpe(z /mvq t+lied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by wha5ry 7, (r qc5zu;pwiq9ts1ulgt factor does the radi ;,u97y(u5 q5piscg1rtq wlzr ating power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in t2t;sujy t t 5iee6 ck+:-mmt7nhe absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Snrapcf0gn9 fopn.cc1 (( f* .mun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalef96t2j 7l 2rjuun nhe+nt to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how mu0 uk)hrvfvrwg 6+ fk6,ch work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead bw gz9jur.5z*($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is tho+v( .a jhy3x xtxe2(qe resulting temperature (hxqe 2 j(x3ay+vo.xtchange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is ork:cjz4vxh(i 5knw )*v+vw bo5iginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of material0ul/ipi26o(o/qz qy j by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding z: ,xc pisa,) z(z+k/kf12kr h lrad1y4l1 jmb5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 koi20)ln gfznr h bq7 v*4os+e6vqt0 /yg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperature increases by0vniey* z bqoo)f+6h0/7l vtn4 q2r sg $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is )d1qgcl+cr;9m n j1 v7f1ife mheated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of coppevxxntl 1 )4 vf7qjo7i-r, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at .n)k7mx0 ovo6eho7m ud8. d yp$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated fro 6qdx/7lo5dj 4 :my +w*azrfz3h.n jzcm its surroundings. One object hz 6xzajf +5q7wmlyjn:4hr/ o*z cd3 d.as an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attemp z3n8cw se9zyo xm,a21ted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 sx318o,2nmcy z9za ewm?

  The water flowing over Nia if+m 39.is qhjnejr)1gara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what.1s3 +jijir)q fmhne9 temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no h8 3ctdle) b4we iqati5 5s8uckxtg,02eat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank f8 2lak 8wt)3t 5i de0ib,gtqce5sucx4rom $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat watd if qwoulfx/0m*0,c .7kkgd hl **+nxer. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water i*x um *,f od+xh.kgdk0nc/ f07ql*lw from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 futjngibay vr+ .lg08- ,8x9scn73hk g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (sixz/ l(dcg 8;f64bjng pecific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it tofkg1y:kx;yzflsh3 c) 5j,hr- gr22r uqw wt +: liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kgn6 ibzfbq:1t t) l. g6,(au*g wzjk2sa. How much heat is required to melt 200 g(k.gzzg)t1 *uw i2:nsbj,t 6fa6q lab of ice?

  How much heat energy u7aeux* f 8jmnvs/kf5;by+n (is needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100 g 69m:oo wpv f+ :oqwnp/of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 gyn2kgv e5yz/ p83nr z/f14jmk of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water i875xlcz, /lbwbg6 m eqnitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a5:noemd sze(+t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of w5r 6emzjx9l5 fater at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required toj)45 /dg)hnwym7tw q +swi+cf change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requmtun(c*:0tzn ired to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to cu,cve 0q35c w1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is p xw ovkhkt6l9pk,o3 * x+niqo6e* .2e207 kcal/k ev+* o6o92kt h,3p6 n .olwpexq*ixkkg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductiv1o/w,gm;qebj m ;2ieeueln* 2ity of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twiceb 1l 3-kw9)msexmb, cc that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other b bmcl -wb1e)xcms9k3, rass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thi;8.o a63s8yvhhsem wdck has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature ih y3owsv8e6 d; .h8smas $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. d9ev57 unevh8,qid z*xft *f0If the outside temperature uevndfdz0iqv9e5*x, ht*f 78 is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m xeea407i 8 +b- fr*gqn j2ckikj 2.0 m section of concrete (aq0*-f+geej cbi8 2k4j ki7rn$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a 4bcf u6i6i-c, bb)bgu$2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost throug-pa wo-km141g pqh 7 ejvn;+ybh a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the tempera *t1nd 3vfd,szture is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small3t nz v1fdds,* hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when /1odl a.-po.gvkt ,xd it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solcx eydh.r8b ei(4( 1wnar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.