Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat energyv-rd u h 2zc;zca+a*k6?

  The amount of heat necessary to8a9cliozhe71+ p 3rck raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is re6 ae/,2fzt2e n;rghq dferred to / gn e2rdth6ea2qf;z,as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the te3a++ awsk 8f6 ehenvzp2.z, bamperature T and the internal energy U of the wate k68 zaf+eshe+zwa2 n,b pav.3r, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy olp0obye ,t 3ck(yu,bo-y;ck8f an ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until mo6j**vay zs0 (fba;a its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is ha(j*;0a fm*oavzbasy 6lf the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with inkic /q0 p2nqfem8v-z /ternal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary d6vtqs slctvk(k)5tn1l:3 du 7rastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat caend8)e)e ua/f pacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 caloea )e /)uedn8fries, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated soky5k6:t egdcj5cw0 r2x e55yystem is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat c5c65 jok0egt yekyxrd 5c5:w 2apacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to c((az*elh65 g-g.li f 3jfqnyshange a substance from the solid to the liquid state is refe(hgi(jff.s* 6gyzeqn l3l-a5rred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance itdia.7*1nxe+u w 5- lluhf a*5jcg5 vfrom the liquid to the vapor state is referred v5i w7+u5u15nldl.*ax- fach ig *tjeto as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steady rate,pfvw,(1.x 4j gt w3ayo

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezev0- ;flq(lp2l3 em3 fq koe8zbe,+wh ns

  When a liquid evapor3um+e *ts)sb7r47ve)tyovut ates

  When a vapor condens/ h7bxwknlui.6djr2qjm26sw g s1m81es

  In a cloud formation, water vapor z t3w2if k8o :kt/b ,0sgoc3fq/rc*olcondenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the tempe0kk2,t/o/c:bf s g83 tcozfrl ioq3w *rature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame undeyas5d,+zum1j 5s1bqfk 6a qw+r a pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of watereni2.0l 4lqr+dxz47 j ;tb ird at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means f) ho su+0t*isqq7 / roxde(h5of molecular collisions is referred to a(7uqrd+x 0ho/*h )i5tqs sofe s

  By what primary heat transfer mechws *(:a-kyk52dd8zq+ r mhx vxanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end yz(vm:*5 aqrhdkk-w2 8s+x dx is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to t8ct3v9d j-ji : g)cjxohe touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?i-xt8cv ) :oj j9g3jdc

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the ratbj.iw1-u-i cugc(-i w e of heat loss for a given temuuj -(bgcc.wi- -1iiwperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivi1w am 3g,jqmc+ck7:cfty K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective qwm1cc+j,af 3:g m7ckthermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of moznu,*tu0cbi6h dp0f5w 7f,tclecules from one place to another is refet fnb dch,ft7,uw06*5p0ciu zrred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a s urmw/ p4/a( v/s 3ufcx8z yi2ia5mpk2tove?

  Convection can occur:4*/7mii e(m yavhk,k7lo zxh

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humans in hebjl-c -t tg6sp4gc-1-tb 7imaintaining suitable body temperattc-ch-tbp l-j 4e 71g-gb6siture?

  A spaceship is drifting in an env;0+u/)krnv9 ha: ibd;jhux o rironment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the co jn;r axhr 0b;/9ukdiu+vh :o)nvection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the s88mpec;zeij, ame materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be trzpe cei,m8;8jue about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doue cl33.h tjn+ e/yz+dzbled, by what factor does the radiatizdlj3c++3e.e /ynt z hng power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred to awl1p/kpb65 i8lal) evs

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun wa y60iunh 3x)horm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is eqhx ,uiy qw0wbg0y, ,u3uivalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how4 bu 3bzhq21) fyhan,d much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature o3z4s :or6 pn:myqm vm-f 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulh yc-y9dfw.1o eyo4k-ting temperature chang. f4ke1owdcy9 oy-yh -e?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block g:4 mzb(cpkkh4-hy(mxya (z;6zdbv)is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperqwa 5lme ) t-g--qk0-vtsh8-d6gdp cuature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat 5 ) c6tlpwbd:bd +cxe2up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. d-mfsa9:x t7kHow much heat is added to the gear if the temperature9t-da fk ms:7x increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatedvav1kn esdl8/7k mdmd*xjp3 35t a(ufqs74s7 to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initich.ii)h hg4g gnc;;uoz: t.(fally at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material qqji: 6o+ot - u7crmme7:a z+sat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermal8c c.rmep iiq*5r2k1zdl *get , i)y0hly isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial temp*iyzi tlcmqehd r 1e.p2k0g*8r ic,)5erature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempteu4ey.5 tcj orfen:m1 )d to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical:urme 1y j5.4c)f teno drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drlm ,j n ro5knda;1eige4cm 6:7ops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the rl41 e6nio,:m7kj5dmcn g ae ;water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no hfro( -anc5 ef+eat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this c5f rfen- (o+atank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How lon8i:yg.be7 tef9e e98ku8 le ogg will it take to heat 20 kg of water fro:e 9lf7 keeygboie8 u8.e9tg8m $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (maaabxf(yx s0iqbxuz;b5 gov(vx, )8;9ss 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (sp- dumlt)d z2 9 ir4 1ohdr.+z3xg.bzrbecific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to liquid?-cz- k1g,kz cx

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcapd37; ws:m aaq2-wcgyl/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g 7scd;yw-3w2 q:pg aamof ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ickerzrewb2;l r2 l19h- e at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs tomomo 36jf6nrkh/x2 6 o be removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice+8dj3(o (-gfxfkap w rz.- aiz is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially w nef 0 ,5wyt:gwbr5uf5+ xv/jat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at h 8 uk2g)hd*xmmu2 humj)i/l;$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to cha3,**wutqn- kkg -aytr nge 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gunyw+bbxn2 + 3ram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is require) 7rbz -lynf+a49qx:upf4d ksd to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice 57d d meyla/qbegz1*uq d-:5lto 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the h-s n 7cajo)(j 7mrsok)t ;9vfteat of vaporization is 207 k jst; kt9c o)na-rfo7)7 jm(svcal/kg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of cok74lieo t*bwxlb0p 13ncrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity zuq2gijfe+4 8of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together ju qz+g2i4f8e end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions rm* u6u +mg)gkixf4;kd jr5( dof 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature5rdmgxk4;+ u kum( j6dgf ir)* is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick ) b68enisa 9v4 doku* 0r(lvbsey2;*i8xtz mqhas dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tempeu oi) n42096bb 8dey*szi v*(m atvek;slrxq8 rature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.r: q7cc/ug+wb:bi0aeynq; m0u +v :jz0 m section of concrete :r+ zbua :7+ i/mjquc0v;y encqwb0:g($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1kts645f xw1qx6r b6p e,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature t 4hqvns6qy7y2 . lgd/if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used iot :hsv7s mdg05s * tp6*nhaa:vmcq+(/4 biifor refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of areanb7q/o d:h6v+itmis h50c(sp mg*:ait * 4avs $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body 1uw wz ds32kb2*st)bj radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside/qkirmudx x5m.d tbm . 572.tm a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.