Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat e ,smspvo6ldh:7fn,6zc t1:zenergy?

  The amount of heat ne u. 8 bt4;ol8rygvz*q5aejg )ncessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred *e9nd3t-t fju to a*j nt3-u tf9des

  A cup of water is sco wkhpqr 2p):0s7hvje+ vf,s,qoped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup a+pp2vqvs, r 7q: fwsh)jke 0h,nd the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas dependp1g;3opzi/vol,m7 nqr(s5pi5tz mfze0 2.g l s on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until itilm7v* huaty+* :5 zrjs volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constantz*ju ait rl+*:myh5v7 . If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U agukhaok4a-: hv/j3ay75oq 4at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary gr do uh7,:p 37o)jztadrh3 :rdrastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat c:f4e; rc-m;no:ptjo tapacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 cale -:;cf4 m:pttno;jroories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot 8jhn h* ,16(yzarqmm opiece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is morym,hjqm8anz 1oh( *6 re than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid sl-.uua(s0ej fm ikkon g.-;c :1nfx. itate is referred to ask;k-sxe1n :lo -ig a.jc.n m 0fi(.ufu the

  The heat required to change a substance from the i59y;t8szd-5h lzoy zliquid to the vapor state is referred to as ;t 9oz hd55z s8-yylizthe

  If heat is added to a pure substau)n -nm0t 3fz9i*gfz once at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezek-j/l9mmqqksirez qio 31,(/ s

  When a liquid evaporatedlcz*z 27 xs.;tqxc6q9 tjf5 ns

  When a vapor condenses)rw ow7j6-yzt

  In a cloud formation, water vaporp vp guy3,ltazml c +305e5la5 condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature lp5,p5ag ly +z te53m03cau lvof the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water causeo;b6 ,kj lqu(es

  Equal masses of watet2meck z +d: du1juw8(r at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows b;lgo;b l su71wy means of molecular collisions is referred to as1g ub;low 7ls;

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of ah, w6a)g 7zqxdn iron bar become hot when the other endx7q whz ,6dag) is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece ofo xf0o6c,a qoka;j*k6wctu* 3 metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in wh6ooo xcjkwf t; 3a *qkca,u6*0ich one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a /2ceibesy,r6 wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat l e6e,y 2bir/csoss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placn28+sm(abt2io-;zal (di vsled on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composiml(i z(d 2vs ;itaoln28abs- +te sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one pl.m 4w aba4lpp6ace to aa4.mwb 4la p6pnother is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechan2f/nql 0 0ptvsism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur*u j06 ri g/6kd7oyjzn

  Which of the following best explains why s jvbkup2z96wz3oj f58weating is important to humans in maintainink fwzu8 35vb9j 2ozp6jg suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environmztic tt xgpn -rrb.:5m: y0y89ent where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater5ttgx.:9ncim:rpb-z8y0 t y r, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rechlwg fga8 uihvamn/m0:z6 lso9 3-/to; *xq3atangular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to 0haox;3nmi*8awfm l /agulq 6g/svz :-hto39 be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by wha za2m8ms l1r :/tbknq*t factor does the radiating power chatr/lb sk: 1 m*2mz8anqnge?

  The process whereby heat f;9 gs*ze)wggflows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechan2ims4 wmkkhvy)f ,(,apgw. sd80w1v; 7xddgiism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equ:p ehoapa7y 83ivalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how muc w( pi tre+ll*m-2 dwdscm7:3zh work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the te8-st lbx8ljtl2y9af 3, funr /mperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting tem-6vsqj -za2h2 e xq1yoperature change?y6qvo -hs2-x1 ejaq 2z

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block1; e d4cgc(+ geap7-sua(x:f bjtde 0e is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature ofe .bfbb 4,7hl8 uc5fcqbu8hiq9 iu/o/ 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heatm 5h v+j/w;9rkgq)sb w up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of cqnnj/w2:c z3 p+ ffu+zopper. How much heat is wpq3zjz + f/cu+ fnn:2added to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal isbggn(y,8h +kofmz1kd- d5,zm* c0yx i heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of coppejq /*4eufp(+ i4knx j* a+ezbxr, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material sae xr*s8 i 1y 5hly( y+kqoij69z: wvi2e62orat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is therm3i9q3b4s/s gyl*cl okally isolated from its surroundings. One ykqll/ o3i3 c49*b gssobject has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to exploreib-/ 0i y9b5pr+xwu gy the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mountbuypw+ 5iyr i9/g-0xb Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming thaq(wk e1x:dnp 4) 4mgvht all the gravitation:hv(de nqk4 pxgm1)w 4al energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 koh 0 gs pqf4w,vt/tz22W. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water oq,gf22htvpwtz /s0 4in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heaqnkyqyjn8:s0p n p61+;(kl w: jor ,q+*r aesat 20 kg of water + rs( : w+ j0;1ksn*,n epkyjq8a:oql6rn yqpafrom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g7 t-mav8 kv 6z/t*afiva 6n;gcv8i0ax , $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (so 0g9usrvtgl/( 68gb mpecific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to chani1;xz8qyp wrb +vr6n.ge it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat ;paigdz 2vt,yujww,q3,s /( (o j qfu5is required to meltu,y u(qvw2w;gdqtsojp ,53i,/(za j f 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ice *f5s,b o cub 4xg4v-0:ph xfsp/u8 nusx 0ha/sat $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from(i r:m kcktwhk7t2p5x k*m8. 4l gys.c 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of y2*2vp ueuo k6ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water 6eqdqtm/ymq2;xw9 o(1ccu82 pnz )nninitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at ff ph;zvb/4-w $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to chkarbr : *uso(0gb95ifange 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gram 7xo 8 ,l, ,b82ccdrpdd;qiohmof $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g.vmt85s.g 0 glfkz t3i of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kgma;og lb: rksth/dpi6n371) f of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 8u cb p uy,t alx325t:n71fnqe65d cpy207 kcal/kg, an68 t: cdtyyua 5,lx2357np 1epcfqbund its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete )qb8zn xz3; qvq ,zs,arpfw g78/h0y tis $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is tw mzq*cwik:uy.5n:k4 b ice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in exce.:4*ib m:5zk n wqkucyllent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thiczw:l 05;bpl /a;z pvdtk has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tempep b0a/;;td :vw5l zlzprature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions oefd37e1x5)l t. m zlquf 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperaturel feetzl 35dq)m7x1 .u is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 qb .2opi)l / i ivptpjbn,3+5ym section of concrete .b)t3iv i+pibn,l y o2p5 /qjp($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through ngdzkp +/at7zq*3:h8 ku6adh a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcjnicl-ai/ms zj9ow243bz4 z)f n/ ;qs al of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is monitored by d;x.s+qc5n buf9g9p. tuit; e measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of ar95es f ;nxg+qb dic;.9 tut.upea $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the huj +4 6euc3mfbuman body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effq hfqf 0v)c*co1d9s+ eective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.