Which of the following isiq7ijsvxg)d+ 4*o 6 oisev94u cw.:sn the smallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necez5 udkde/;1 z x42huvpssary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kb ;/iey+0*a9ut ijhxu inetic energy of individual molecules is referred to e/0 t iajxu*b;hy ui9+as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. w-fm )08 bqi jxep8cnbnl:zxl6(u :,t Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and tlx8x ub cfbp) l mwqz8ni(0t6::j -ne,he swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas dependse omqf(s7o -p:l4,dz s on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is ;0pou8q2i;w gkrw we5h 1gae2half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas wp i weqo8h2e0;uagr5 1g;2wkwill be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U at 4tm8cnsx+j 1/1 tsj ovcq:*le$200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean tem 88c2qmk .uj ikpz,t6lperatures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact tha urz uu3)a1t(vt water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount ou)rt a1(uu3 zvf heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of alukky -v7j. yoy 0it 8r6-rr9vcnminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during r-79i0k8vr tyy6nvrc- o jky.the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liq.wqcoj9()r5/q; oqlxl9gv efuid state is referred to alo. cqw5( /r9vqf)e; jxq ogl9s the

  The heat required to change a substance from thq jj-x;y /bef,e liquid to the vapor state is referred to as thjy ,e;qfbjx/- e

  If heat is added to a pure substance at ui w3yrtm3bs3;2farv*- a,cka steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesupd1/s xl 8v(opv6sk /

  When a liquid evaporates2/ fu;*sruf5 4x igqlf

  When a vapor condense58-m -xcn ar+t apw7wqs

  In a cloud formation, water va: id.z5+lwh4g q k xd5 df3+un:j-nanapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the ciqdfn5 +u :knw3: dh+z5dlj4x- a nag.louds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan :/g.zzevlv6 sof boiling water causes

  Equal masses of watelt((g; ec ax*zr at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular colljgp abgldh (w/5d7yg9 e* 2g8fisions is referred to as5pdwgjgh9 ba(g8g7*/fed l2 y

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of anui36: ;vpe-mt/d( bgevb 2 bs 1teor2m iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame? m3go2dev 1;2e6bsmu- tv /bb(tpi :re

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piechwc7 owrf r8qq8+2pt7 br.zf:e of wood. This is ro.+b2zf8 8tqfw rqrpw77 h :cdue to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a j1,ob2)pxrm uwall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat lomrjp u1x)2bo, ss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating ma /n caodo6xpc3 7e1lj:terial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thic c1/:op7 dj3x a6leconkness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules fromtsw1a3cy x, qi4gn/x3 one place to anotherxxaqn3,cst3y/4iw 1 g is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a sto,+n;jmeyt/w6va (sd zve?

  Convection can occur1vszjh: a jgud7h7,n3

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to l9 sst: t/dtw3:amv0xpb0:s ohumans in maintaining 0st:w:tvlas/btxo 3 s:dp0 9m suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an envibdg zn o,(nf2*ronment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about tngndfb2(,z o *he convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built tcszfr.t- /ub2 *gh8j from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have tc*t.8buth 2/ z-gfrsjo be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator in58 .ivgncnlgl k/i7e*bk ;e /s doubled, by what factor does the radiating power c8linn;l/bc ng7 /ve.kek*5ig hange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is refeto-o n9 v n,iuzr8zag.c87*gurred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earthrxgh;m +su;d ;i:vyuv3j(z8 * fw/zgv?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to h jnf(h2p4q ga8ow much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much work? 2sf5c)58b7sz9mj+*;j te ez ybngmq 2o-reqa

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the t, r7ujnwd5,5 v+ghr utemperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, w9c) bsg:q5ss ghat is the resulting temperature change s:9g bs5cq)sg?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originally atwd33cmux50ue $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of ilsy 7wlm.6v: 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath watwx sx5t4srgp129ry :der by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much hem,y mv0 wnd(9 u jigsv6/i.cj ;qpnyr(v 05x6lat is added to the gear i(p jcn6. jv( l0v/urdvmiywm g x5y,n;qs90 6if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of meta8utq ((y ixb +ds2xnp2l is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, iniudc g+ h4hq)1ptially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material atj-8x:svzt;s h v0r5vxa)izj* uolg-1 $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make u, r4j 09a cwg38dojqekp a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object ha4ow ,0q38egjk rj d9acs an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attem pe6zs c24;eqzpted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect 6 q;zecs24epzfor a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagah -nrf7j+bi. rra Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy jhf 7.rin-r b+is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long m)igs.wa+pn)lul-e0 would it take to heat water in this tanka l)pugm0.w+eil -n s) from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 2wt 5vgf 6nvj, k2p/o9c0 kg of water f5v /,wk6ctg ovnpfj29 rom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 1l4-mlj rg7 g6 bowc +rfcy)7wg, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife f7/lg43ae u q2ozk5cyblade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed f8x +uw,:q s:j+*bs q,,bc 2cbcjyk pzmrom steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required0*1zhfdl lrj9-w,jq 5gjw s)d to melt 5sw) l1zlgdrq9j-0j jwfh, d* 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg o.2dq 9zm(aw hje74ib nf ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to boq;o-s y fh6tcck,g -*e removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Whelwcz dum bk l/+ /.n2mn0/qs,r9ytl (mn 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water inisb ffd . f95z;m(+j1e9kzrfhrtially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at0eu1w8ld+7gwp3fjl a $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg se th99-*jk h,txu+ gaof water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required tq /rq jv8,zut3o change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required /m5zk.pdg/+k+gve quto change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea,a r *l n*6e6uy8 fanhoc.g1dr9(sbj+ v initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kca,0c xm/ppf6v cl/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/m,p/c xf v06cpkg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concri2gnsd5 4j.;znpt be:ete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of q7v f- zaa(x fzc6dnex 0nm9y0io3e *5brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined 0 9o0xcv6f5 f qe*nm dn3e-(yai a7xzztogether end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outs:a bppxhi f5 eo3q0l-(ide templp5 ha3x(-qpbi :0oef erature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cmvzkuuqw y f*23rshxk pgdr; 8--9 .ck2 thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tdg-*wqs;u2v2rh8 zk3.xfy ckr u9kp-emperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow(;+ k5lz m b,vlkzkyx+ in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete (m (vl +,kzykkz+5lbx;$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to tr5 0e1vg8r/ph c2xa iamansfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperat58vt2cik. x tyure if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, hffmxbu0( yy 0dhvgup9q938. the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a smal0 ( pm0f.h 89dqf39x yvughbuyl hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when it is8 kco2jp6,zmg at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists ins0vqpij* wdk(o;os t4n , q.ow(ide a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.