Which of the following is the smallest unit of, d .6fwdwpn5/2 z ,dsk,bpzob heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperaturt un fdfn10 ywn7(ak1d 4-8jzie of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the alff,;dpccohk 3(o ,z1verage kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred tol1zf cp c3,kd(o;h ,fo as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swit u qq+,3oz3ttmming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the intetqt3z ,utqo +3rnal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depends ou n82do5iiv /vn

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its l q-4jr:6xdavg:f o2/ nuykn1 volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holdinq:yv6af1lxon d :ruk/j4n- g2 g the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with intern6a sho/dz+n,e m7zi+ , 9gnwupal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do nogctk*/5n4zow 9n5ef h t vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact thatt h l;w,a9axk u.c3h9k water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statehu9.h9ka,a lt;3 x kwcment is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piotm4vjk fs-3i+g;h4waj uv) 6ece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermavm-3oh6vawugi)kj4j4+ s f t;l equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid statewf2:(ih. ephz e vb5v4 is referr.v(hpiw 5eb2 : 4ehvfzed to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapm:if*vb.3zexmyc o-ek7v+y ).0nbhsor state is referred to as 07-b3ymm*bes+vh oc k vni.:e y.fxz)the

  If heat is added to a pure substae obk;7 5eonq vj1i2st 9j)92a9rwkzqnce at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes 26(;)jeidak umxh,n/8wovto

  When a liquid evapor577p0ifjl7.s wy xf si z6ivj+ates

  When a vapor condensd6g v4d5x/go.,k/t 0utk lgaoes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get 5)kijs2orw9b bigger and bigger until it rains. This r5j ob2iw)sk 9will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flamexu 9+adh*h mln p;8ig/ under a pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water athb, 0phycrvqw:k )q2x:7(qrot +. v zm $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular col9+wbgnkuq m-8c 7m 3tplisions is referred to a8pkbu g3 9+ qmn-twc7ms

  By what primary heat transgkjlzn 5 w )o5ra7.cu;fer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot w 5u rzwj5g)l7.nokac;hen the other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to thqb98b*03dv4wmcdhmyxzv5o 8x5 p +fle touch than a piece of wood. This is due to vdv8f5 3 4+8yxh lxmdb b0*o qcpz9mw5the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous calsp4ama2spv( .ve29p *n y9material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature d22pssa vy ea*n(a94m9.lp cvpifference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conducti77oj) h jdgesm+1y(h.q6 zpme vity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers 76.o )jz+1hjymedg eq(7hmsphave equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molwjpql48hye/)hz(i t2 ecules from one place to another ijeq 2ilzyht(h/4wp )8 s referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of hua:2 qpig44w water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurgl f16-nln2gp 0sc 6ip

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is impo;i l,0 nusfj -ksd(*g1jgwe5q zyb2)xrtant to humans in maintaining suitalk5-ngj20 ,(yw jdisfqb zg1s; ue)x*ble body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting k9.r2(8ecpbd jk zon1in an environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one z kcjrp 21d9 beo.n8k(side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same materials. Onglk e0k 6b( zz .cv9cs1hr2h0c21pqcfe of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to 1 h frcep2hq(0sz 0b6 c.gcvk9zk 1lc2maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what fa,g 5dsg9 fcda;r qos:k7vi)zrj d2nh/9n q -e,ctor does the radiating powe;kfi5ad,dvn9 e,7-droj g 2g9: n)sz/ qscrqhr change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence ofnkhrrs:tp .ap q68g:qq -* (ks any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer me:iufzw 7d3equ e1/sf86u4l uychanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to n6eb(8tu trfxn7r8yh7 q.g v-how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how /beafd+y/ b9rl ,lf)wmuch work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to rais+ksbpa o; 6e2ee the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 8 -.)8txl lmx8k;( kdd hsklatkg of water, what is the resulting temperature chah) xkk; ll.t8ta ddm(8ks-l8xnge?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum bl.5jmorf 7* sq3drrbyrs8j85a65he y hock is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature ofogu,dxqx *y 5c,l 0j8/ibu-g: s0 ebfj 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water bb 9ro. 19bk y rau8u:zuqqiz/)y adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of ironswequz x-(, +t and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperatw- s,qt xe+zu(ure increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated o6+i o 6z,mo6iu w.jep pvp5fu hr5/;bto $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiall mel3 z2sovooe *2+d(abhb6l,y at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material a.;, uw7p73 ypqlrh ycbt $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up :(w ( rvla-py,1t ypa.*lubhma system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object haspalb ,yhu(a*tmpw: y lr1-.(v an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relatiobx 6s(7u-+ i ibvd:19gqmhnvs nships between various forms of energy by u g7bi vhmi :(bvq1n 6s-s9xd+measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that al ln 2o7i;bd2i52 iarsl)o;kqul the gravitational ens oi2bki)7u25l ro;qil nd; a2ergy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, h gk nftd,z d2x183wnt/vrf4/w ow long would it take to heat8 v rngd/f3k2 z4t,dtx/fww1n water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. Howmmff.(wzkvm6;,j 0cb long will it take to heat 20 kg of wa6f,vmb.cwj 0 zk( fmm;ter from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass q:aspx6l7db9d h1w+ w1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade rno n.+n9xyxjo-ja; ,t ir ji(s5n,:l (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to liquqj+4 fo84,gx gm6w guuid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is requi cg,o kkjg5pk-i4tg+8red to melt 200 g of ice,4kk+8k i-ggjtc g5op ?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg ogkyw/5u i+ .cmf ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100 g7+n:2tk b90q fxyi qpu of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Wh 8v:bm(osl -hg-ttkmch +2g g8en 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initialmv.+wq j5 mbgg+ (xl/vly at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at,u nvqnu +: sr(o.j9fk $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy isc6xzmaw*8siidl (y fl.r0f/qvivi0 2:9ozt 6 needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to chanz 3fgxl sse/t45a::nj ge one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g o*xt f-u6.tg ey)(k nyjf $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially3pc6 jvmh9mzesif,5k.5fl5 c at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 ibv607 b u m7l7dzd.dvkcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its mbvb 0v d7 mdzd.7l67uielting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivitet neim-m y frflu1ufg3f1ps* 5.lk*-* : uh1my of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brassh 7e 8b+,13kdeflkawh . Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end+b wk, l87khafeed h31 to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimens x/j1epz) bdlfw6o qhn(4/a2af/ ocl .ions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperaecd)4 n/ahaxpf/lb2 z1o6l jfq(/ o.wture is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m byheyi3-wvpj1wp*( +m 1,hbc yr 1.5 m. If the outside temperature p1ir,-ch(v *hm3+1ypwewbjy is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concb 1-p(o .dj)0 cyl in12gkpg ssc9d(kqrete k( .9locppcdgn(d ig1jkq1 s)-s0b y2($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take tod l-wwp*s5 9 w0uizvw) transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heam-zjtw*e(9 kmq+4 qoat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refinn-sv83 n mi+,9ennio uing steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiantm,o+n8i3si nn- ue v9n power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating ekeb83 rxsz-; ei0w j+hnergy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective vmn.- 4jm .pwj 3 pm+/8 ngz)otws5zchcollection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.