Which of the following is the smallest uni31l pztdkcx 25rp2am 6t of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of 1at0fx03haxq m1iad.water by $1{}^{\circ }C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molex8ahcpw3ab+ 24r0s sacules is referred to a83 2shc b +xpsr0aa4was

  A cup of water is scoopedszv( y5k3 wzai0fym2i/9 0nr6;gxxuu up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swim;uz0xwv63nm9i (5 rykaz/x0gfusy i 2ming pool.

  The internal energy of an idew tl:f ,p5sbgq+h ba58al gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is ha rd ne94s/* ppv-0mc5t(amp 9nxwi-vblf the initial volume, and then i-eitd-wna*9( v9bc /mxpm4 p5pnvs 0r t is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy gig2,j 26- hv e2wcuiwU at $200{}^{\circ }C$ is heated to $400{}^{\circ }C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastipzp5xw51d4 yp cally is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat cap8+- g9 u gfbfj: m2gsgorf-oei/1ecd;acity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added omgr8 9:difsj-e-eob ug1fg g2f c;+/to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum a,+gnq /yw- wm)k lq/kj;likq) nd a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copkn)yqm qw+/-llwgk );i kj/q ,per. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a o5 x,z(6t pf u6.zbinksubstance from the solid to the liquid state is referif 6,b ztz5.o6(nkp uxred to as the

  The heat required to change uk) vrc2*rlb20j cnh +.9xg hma substance from the liquid to the vapor state is referred to as 2j*x cn0ml+9c)hub hgrk2 .rvthe

  If heat is added to a pure substance a* ji, ,-wfe wi34 raail dnr(es6)5zhot a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesbj 1c bby 2pg5ul cjfp0:-29t8zf vto8

  When a liquid evaporates*ui 8zlwil 3d(

  When a vapor condensev67gq b2jmr :fm8jj6 qs

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which getmn+/bo,)x ri v bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temr/m ,vnxio)b+perature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of )s4ht f7irq,+umg vg/boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water ao4q/ad, :zw akt $20{}^{\circ }C$ and $80{}^{\circ }C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T=-20{}^{\circ }C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T=0{}^{\circ }C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred tzkn.79m c2 p,xnwrbo cg-0z;io aszk-,7 bo2x .pgim9rcnn; z0wc

  By what primary heat tgtwaki0g0 as+- 7g w8oransfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flakgi7wg08o+a tagw0 - sme?

  On a cold day, a piece of me9mt fa8 re:e/mzn4-um6yu3 g)x: w jzmtal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of woo 4fmeu - 69z3utemaj:xry:w gmn)/ 8mzd. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall bp8 sqjgtah +fh91e0l*k (lfh.uilt from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss9ltf fe(al.8hh 0* gp+jhs1kq for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer 5glc 0* zrboo-n 6u5xvof annobcuz 6v0-5lr 5g* xoother material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the massnn y*js,0vyiob)x8 l8 movement of molecules from one place to anothe8sxj nv *loy08y,b)i nr is referred to as

  By what primary heat8bunsp5bp( yti:9 +1a1ih aqm transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurfcumpk+,sh s91v5c/ *7 qu,p i: bvexz

  Which of the following best explains why s94- fsv8 ck ifxprzmip9gcp l6(49nt3weating is important to humans in maintaining suitable bodynf69t9 -xric 8 kp4i(gm4s zf3pvl9pc temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment w xjh lux;61nc:here the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currxn lh:;jcxu6 1ents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the8xzvz lyxc.(: same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic cc( :yz vzxxl.8onditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a sf : b a4.nl8k1t1culdpzp 2m(radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power channlpp sf.actk:l1b1(2 d 8zmu 4ge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the ao. pga 1wq+j* eev*:rqbsence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanismra3fhkwja* + a6et,*h does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to howz.d+)s 5oigkdxwsy y ;,b/g;j much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much wlageqda ka/,n a,))odsq5 8i: ork?

  Gasoline yields $4.8\times {10}^{7}joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temp u 6gtu/kgzwp3pd zs3tj 3g(98erature of 100 g of lead ($c=0.11kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) by $15{}^{\circ }C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 ku2wq bh5x*p0tg of water, what is the resulting temperatureph2wtu 0xq *b5 change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is orijlvrjfe:zy+o0 +a9pic; l ru i/i*c59ginally at $10{}^{\circ }C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 z waxai22e m(8vvtg4* *xoc wj1( q0whkg of material by ${400}^{\circ }F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath8rqv) p 9 9pv 8f3e2b/pqfr3a+vtewnf water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80{}^{\circ }C$ to 60 L of water at $30{}^{\circ }C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg ofduz4 ci, d. ey-v5f.7, waeayi iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to th ifyac-.e4v7 z .ad,iw5uye,de gear if the temperature increases by $35{}^{\circ }C$?

  50 g of lead ($c=0.11kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) at $100{}^{\circ }C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0{}^{\circ }C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal -sod;ygz4-; id8tpwneku (k 5jpzo 16is heated to $100{}^{\circ }C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3{}^{\circ }C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2{}^{\circ }C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, vo )rn36mu9u ;ys:boy initially at $95{}^{\circ }C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15{}^{\circ }C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at dcn,)kxaze4np0p6dzw, .; bc$100{}^{\circ }C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0{}^{\circ }C$, the final temperature is $40{}^{\circ }C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a sys.uh7q 7 kkq;pctem that is thermally isolated from its surroundings.q7kc qkpu.;7h One object has an initial temperature of $100{}^{\circ }C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0{}^{\circ }C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships betw 4n;bpb)qg (vji8b ;q7 kl/aeneen various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature ris7 e48qqpi agbnb);j lnb /k(;ve would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming/. 0jg dnimi0 3p/ew1 b mxxaf(uc1t;u umeh+( that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal enenxujte;(0x(1ufed puhmibwa. igmc013 m/ /+ rgy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater u9j 1 ozdr9;wr m2kym m*ie4d9sqbff-.ses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this ta*2ks9 md1z9qy.oi9b 4fm- r mjewfd;rnk from $23{}^{\circ }C$ to $75{}^{\circ }C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to hea;dr e +9r7(gopyhdl sj* e8ph;t 20 kg of wa*epp;jr79d g; heh(d8yrs+lo ter from $20{}^{\circ }C$ to $100{}^{\circ }C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g, ja6 d txgf6q gwj:c8ui6i2w.ubj8(0v$c=0.22kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20{}^{\circ }C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knif*; 3bn.g0p)zdwnnfp m 3 wr9 vfth+/tce blade (specific heat = $0.11cal/g{\cdot }^{\circ }C$), the metal can get as hot as $400{}^{\circ }C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20{}^{\circ }C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam tof .ix ,beb *dz0q ooj8fip+cw-kw d:++ change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to mu *pfblt nd5vh/vf89.elt 2l/v *5hp. ndvbf9tf8 u00 g of ice?

  How much heat energy8 1ybbblu ja(cm+s(pk i8qp6: is needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20{}^{\circ }C$ to water at $50{}^{\circ }C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed fff/3vx.m9pnb+z u5tkpp 5q ) crom 100 g of $85{}^{\circ }C$ water to make $-5{}^{\circ }C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice f3k rc8 25jdeuat $0{}^{\circ }C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25{}^{\circ }C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initial6eqkc3r k 8,zxly at $100{}^{\circ }C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0{}^{\circ }C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0{}^{\circ }C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10{}^{\circ }C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water actkip8xf 5t8 4t $0{}^{\circ }C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 ;q;pi eb4h:li /zw*w jkg of water at $50{}^{\circ }C$ to steam at $120{}^{\circ }C$?

  How much heat is reqp5sb b*(wjc k0v* fp+cuired to change one gram of $0{}^{\circ }C$ ice to $120{}^{\circ }C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change (vyc chjb2 36u100 g of $-10{}^{\circ }C$ ice to $150{}^{\circ }C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of j0da0 9ljts5 *h 3+qjcj ;gxn.rtn1df hot tea, initially at $80{}^{\circ }C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0{}^{\circ }C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10{}^{\circ }C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207a-1 o.ls0yg bv kcaas l 1gy0b-ov.l/kg, and its melting point is $328{}^{\circ }C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23{}^{\circ }C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$)

  The thermal conductivity7z mt/- e6lg+3gsgwqy of concrete is $0.8W/m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1W/m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one ahcp9teqm n*pquz+)j ,5+c w r4luminum and the other brass) are joined toge4t)qc+m,hep*pnc j9q 5 +urwzther end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0{}^{\circ }C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200{}^{\circ }C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m bvpf/x,n o9i7*cn0ylw y 1.5 m. If the outside temper y/co0ixwn*lvp,7 f9n ature is $-10{}^{\circ }C$ and the inside temperature $20{}^{\circ }C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions6v wf:tk dn8n)0jjo c2 of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperaturkwtc:6 nd 208n fv)ojje is $-10{}^{\circ }C$ and the inside temperature is $20{}^{\circ }C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x dh44nt6drk :p,h7ho(th , o9:ctdfze2.0 m section of concrete 4,f9he ot(h z:ddto hnt 4krp7d6:,ch($k=2.0\times {10}^{-4}kcal/s\cdot m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21{}^{\circ }C$ and the outside temperature is $4{}^{\circ }C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat thdf.- +8 a0qpreood d:3 a+ fgzwi;r*jqrough a $2.0m^2$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k=2.0\times {10}^{-4}kcal/s\cdot m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) if the temperature differential is $10{}^{\circ }C$?

  What is the outside te7v.pu*tsna*pcgy0gw t1 n9 4 emperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0m^2$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k=2.0\times {10}^{-4}kcal/s\cdot m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20{}^{\circ }C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel,rbdvxv2x6 t-w1 63rsfqw, dr + the temperature is monitored by measuring the radidr +sxr1v6bq63drtx 2w f w,-vant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5c{m}^2$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650{}^{\circ }C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energo5u4rqj .c) loy when it is at $33{}^{\circ }C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4m^2$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.