Which of the following is the smallest unit of h/5xqysm2;9t+3e 6aythzdgtsf t1 2 myeat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raiseu kvxcdy;ttfxrjh :*;:ss, .w wm879i the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is rqc7z8vngc0dk .;c p+zuif-y .eferred to as+.0c 78undg. q-;fkvzzycipc

  A cup of water is scooped up from a sat*by-n hk4 ,cbq) er7li0fm7wimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool7 qkl7-ma 4,y)* 0iftbrhceb n.

  The internal energy of . :z hyf5 ies0g mhs-.at)q;jpan ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first comeidqy8ab4hx,3 0p5wwhpl w-5pressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is 0xdwbwew y45phaq,p ih 38-l5U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with in6ddbrl i :4k r9ra/,oz+ddqa f2,bgv9ternal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically is ,uztn1.s46iw6)ygs;nm pa zgthat

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity than i6cl, w7o3r v6opr 0abcron. Now, consider equal masses of water and ironp6al6 o07br c,cvr3ow that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hl8obj45a x5 hhot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object 5hhl4x8 a jo5bexperiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid statez;1oy4 acp 6u3yu -evc is referred tp6cye4u 3o yucv1a;z -o as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor statn )yc6hrhg4a w*ck /k3e is referred to )w6h3/khy4car c n*gk as the

  If heat is added to a pure ,lni ye8(9t( kly8,db 0) xq,o(stakn.o fdqvsubstance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze baq2qc8:no7 cr(m+11pi c rdvs

  When a liquid evaporat 2o4ahn x;my8 x:5ywmk 0:yxdwes

  When a vapor condenses ,8k5 l l2d7vkvlsqy+xmt9 c2n

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get biggt 9yh82; qv q ;scsdk5en/u 4v71llpyynt6l: ler4c d u1l2;sn t ypysv:lk6qhlvt;eqn5ly9 87 / and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling waterv:b.ei d ap6px( rdk+sgmq;*r/- vo 2r causes

  Equal masses of water at8myz1a -z*tkn $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flowsn*h 5 2hgbjdsl59:iv ).lp upa by means of molecular collisions is referred to apli 5j:h)v 29gs p*hb lndua.5s

  By what primary heat transfer mechaj/ysz6qnrr d x-b8; a9nism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a f ;6/jrz 8yad xbsrq9n-lame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than3 jrjs8k5qx / c3fkbn)nc2a/v a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the fs3/ 5vj3r)bnnxkc jq8 /c2ak following physical property?

  If you double the thicqygd*u)0) . qxku nm1inu0b7ie( jjw1kness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate qq(nkj.m*)1ijd)70uuyb0x eni ug1w of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductqi1cjmx, x9(r i 2ud3nivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivii(,mxxqj2r9c1nu 3d ity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement o8xubnf2 x /qa,kj7-d wf molecules from one place to j,u d- bnf/8wkqx2ax 7another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of enaf a+b5xf1,water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur nipkfmj3),t9 )v1p qf

  Which of the following best explains wx:fylca e 7b9t 2th+p7hy sweating is important to humans in maintaining bfa e79h 7 t:xt+y2clpsuitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accelerati9 jtv 8i+(;/nm5 9dlbi;zu nka t(tdqxon of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is trmz/dt nut;xiat+klq9nv(; b 8ji (5d9 ue about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same74f0 -ypnu cnj materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and heig c u7y4-p0fnnjht of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by whaui: euw:mk psgro4au+*, /4.6i da omkt factor does the radiatin./aoe6o :m*k4igmuk, s:dap4 r+iwu u g power change?

  The process whereby hpg8ci+mz2d9mlid2 3w eat flows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun warbwv );/9u5j zps gs7jxwhl. (a,rxw k+m the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent t/c i1l,jom3 :ixjtv):df kpv8o how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent thg/coy wig 822)v85xwtnb x.bo how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is neededig 3 krbcbr,(4le2 :/ xth8-6jfvj jtvsn,u 0u to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting tempera0uz mp3d1/5e3 bjq*2fk jzriw ture change?qzj5 pb3rzkw23iu1 0j* fdme/

  A 4.0-kg aluminum bloc18tj x /sz/f*v mki,,ej id,cck is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperatoztd7u,gw d e 9g5cu8 9 29-xp(qo(lhokis 6jgure of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water atkiuq9osyu d4m7x;p4- $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg on7m i.wivgaun,9 a e+5f copper. How much heat is added to the ge.i en7i+a9m, g n5wauvar if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatb pdm4i8*/jpsed to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially ql2v,.(zbi a/ vn)qi nat $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at . hsv g9m,0y7ykza(mu;mv7vc $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects os)am)n f )je* xbi)5 qehd,u*make up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial temperaturx)* iq 5ua oe jsmbn*h)f,e))de of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships vc2a0byg 0f,gs l5k/kbetween various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a wayk/fba v2, 0kl5cg0sg terfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Fal c7*.bbvbf9 yx9qi .epls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energibcqv7p9eby9f b ..*xy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat lossh7 fz2vz0:.yzacr m ,z, how long would it take to hz c y,fza2zv:m.h7rz 0eat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water.i xfiv*,wk/ c3dvo( y8-uqiu4 How long will it take to heat 20 kg of wauxwdi/* 4uo38, i y-qkc(vivfter from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g,ni kekbpd hu63dhuh4 ( 4vo- 89puta25 $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife bla) 9ccuwyvkm qvphn*1ip:qz 6)3+av+qde (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed kj4dnt9t1eq+ y*5oz rfrom steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat oku v6+k3mw/7sxc 6 xevf fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of6+/c m6wxk7 uv3xkve s ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to chokop33h q a (;g xmk+ +*4vejjeivi70mange 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 10jt2v3sn-hitj 2s5my f,r 0qeu8 e9xc20 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. oeia vso(69r9When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water inigh saosqn)u, c6z4 v5p:s.c1 otially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a6z kqclv- li47ei.ixp.a3ag 6h89ji m t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to gy z*(fmvw xtnvve 5252h;/nxchange 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gram of(quo:s(*c 4ixljfd6ui96jg s $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requ)u :wshy+ gpu;ired to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kgm )((pgkjm6d s; j8xrs of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporizatiol1). bbam.gwvc2.o t/ap 6vspn is 207 kcal/kg, and its mmpt2.aaow. g)slcv/ v pb61.b elting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of conuy;o )yy-g))v veb (lhcrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is t,je:4s5 (ki4:v v 3ibwkypcktwice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The fwst k 4,y3v: 5b4vkckij(i ep:ree end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m..:fun+ d1o(rpfa cuh96q*fcdq2ov / c If the outside temperature 1f+d.u6co/fc h na9dr2quvo p(:qfc * is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick h(we( bozc/ ,edas dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatce ,( /doebz(wure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m sec -vq(wwtma/.l tion of concrete (/l-t aqv.wmw($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heach etb (q,c99yt through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal ormri -x2cj*n43 +meh7(epjkpe 7-c aof heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is m)y/ /zlm h51matw dg9ponitored by measuring the radiant power emi m//a 1wy5z 9tpgmhl)dtted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating eneym b09c/eyxncq3/l7x rgy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collecttuff-3 g )3i:lgqfp6a or (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.