Which of the following is the smallest unit of5b/ nlje y/k,o heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary tov /sjgxkn bh/z1(26wi* s 5hyi raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the a hw7htk)t5 0vhverage kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to aswh0th t75vk )h

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the c, tan18k2nxk temperature T and the internalaxn128,k kc tn energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas pf w40e2mmui5 depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half thssuspzg c1 )ny,1d:qpp1 -.gne initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressurep 1)-zn.p1 gyqnusgd1css p,: is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy;nh jrk5(barfp /q9te3hze ). U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastp24jr8qd wa y2ically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has ah+r..jc)f*w +d(p d;lj cf zjb higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. Theh cw (pfbld;+ d.cr* .zj+)fjj same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piec u/; hx7xk ypp:f -5esl+sx)hre of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are i;x u :l)ehpkxp sr7 +s-/fxh5yn thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid state is r7wf/xfd:ms7z5 jzp9kpo 8 8tweferrf87 s 9m8xwjkwp 5tf 7zpd:oz/ed to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapi w5wzoj b8m(;aa 4;o-ye( oaqor state is referred to a4;byazw; -j8 a(o amwi (eoo5qs the

  If heat is added to a pure substi v/(kcbmdn b7wi7:i /ance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezerz.z1qk;im6q s

  When a liquid evaporatr 7wa3u9niriw7 6c d1q t**k (x;ihc jj-pxk8nes

  When a vapor condense 36 v8iykmd,r4qnsb 8ks

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplyyrzii 1dgf,u*0 p9y5ets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in rf9, 5ui1dg0 y* ipzyythe clouds to

  Turning up the flame under 76es .zaobbdw o/ 9 9mq:tic(wa pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water at u+k zs;+wj1ak-5 gq4fkl 3ls4io xv 5u$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred-mru mtenw 5.6 to as ruemn5wtm .-6

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end 7zgq8ucg, / s v-vxnp5of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flamspxg-u75 , /q8cgn vzve?

  On a cold day, a piece oxiwk;:fsew 2* f metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of w2 wwisx;fk:e* ood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thick k d4b;+s(cbgoness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate b c;kgb od(4+sof heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K ifu5su8ukvkdt3g7 m)l* :zbj x l-(x,is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have eg)uz( t bd,5xs*3 f8v-jxl:k ku lm7iuqual thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of moleculeg7ei)2s(v 3puefl;w t-d+ghb1ir fd6 s from one place to aniw1d+f6veihpg er dfgbs- 2t73;u()l other is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer xc0 pv7p:y2nwmechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurge t7ffwh .y94 e-ifl6

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is 2oxq 6 ashj tb/n2p/:zimportant to humans in maintaining suitable body tempera62 qoz/ ahb/: xjs2pntture?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accym)8st ;w+0wwla 7 acteleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric ;t a7)ywamtc 8lws+w0heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built fwx 5e0aflft67( 06cxlhn2vki rom the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate thw6int7(faxvh 2650c efkxl0lat heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor doev)aqb,jag ey bkz7(- *s the radiating power chay,gb )(kza-qjv bea7* nge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any .imd t,d2tq4ve ;(yhdmedium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun warmf y34le4in;4xx v)v zg dcsix),7*yqwb yaq 38 the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how muc3 bqm-rtheqel6+n2y t08w n,bh heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is e2qks2sb -jnmx,frx5afgl ;+7 c s:sh5quivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100ljn+0lx 5- eylzit1c4 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is ths u 1e wqm-ta:*is1s:le resulting temperature l*m :1: aswsqs e1-ituchange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is ou fd3ugdr( 83qriginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raiseza4q twhw-+)br u/w/z s the temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath; f;j(7 keiovu water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.9 jq pqzv2pgze94efq 7w8*: ct16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear 8vjz7c*qf wzegt p 499:qpqe2if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heate3:2z l yt(hv5h.c3fk.e .y. gub)b -fmtg xvlfd to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiall85tn:k* 3vrytud0 6n)lo i utqy at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at m c+: wp rs;b1)wq)+pbt gmhs.$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermallyfoa+7n)xn05fnq1 o ohk2ms(j isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial temperatuohns(jfnmoao 5qf 10kn2+x7) re of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships betw)a lu*qevs ),gj7b0aoeen various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a wsvo bj0 e*lq7 ga))a,uaterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. mr(4q:rj l9o-z2r5, sm27 uut ajn ujyAssuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does tj2-r 47:m t (uyujurj9mnlo,as z52 qrhe water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long wo-z2ezf/ .r2w7ouczm )rqw e3puld it take -2z/uz2wz.3re crpw)oqe fm7to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of wtxw4iubd ae--/ 4hway8 1dji1atj w-x4dei a dw8hy1/1at -4ubier from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mas b (q--0b1i*rgr cy(:yjaheprs 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific haqh68u8fup; d eat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be remove2f fmeiuj+jk*5 6ns 0ad from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is req0ms eb+h4d7zm uired to melt ms40+z mb de7h200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to changmct d. 7xxd:s1m s1zhls 3e/s/e 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed 6ef3/ 4;l1d4u xtwhrcqy *zyl from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Whi.jp 81d8:yzi fxz l0dnfb:p)o: wi/sen 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initia 6r+xx5vxh )hflly at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at: adfj-ct8 1xepdzj.,+z cr a1 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of wateu3)w 5bsryv 1+jlw r(tr at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to cn9j(+oip1d hnm2p mo b *aif2+hange one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required tokonoz8 5cdk (/q-3dpsx . ma2k change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.x)rzle1p p( x,0 b*ns 2nvar24h+pikk8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal,0umhacns tw o)/a sigy,a x4, p;.x.b/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting poin u;p,y,iao ha.)0b sxmcws4 /.t x,angt is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concretv si khab,45h1x*c7cye is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity og:sxmdb/ f;z4f aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at4 dzb/xmgs:f; $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm8 gq7yh9npp;fvbg m5snri( 32 thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature vpp3;b8hg5s 7fy 9 nr(gqnmi2is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 +z5,u 9klf .rix+l(iboek4 jwm by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature isiilwu 54x(k+jz+r ek.f bl,9o $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2z1a72zp bsvi/xbk :x93j0m at.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete /: samjb3 2za9xvt xkpbi07z1($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1j4mzuixlj/1) ,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temj j- 8gmo1ab2w -x(lgcperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refinin c)xhzcpk avnr t;6kc688 q4g5g steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant powecz5nk;6r)hc 88gq64vxta kpc r emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy w.ao4i6beaxxf- ecff *lmb766 hen it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection a nz6z,g)a6 biurea of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.