Which of the following is the smallest un 1x6 :wthylh e5ljsj*-it of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by ir0ykwzm fpu37 .xb0 n (w,-qjsp;4 3r+avy zz$1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the averaoi+hs/yb;t 47ply on1 ge kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to ;/+plb 4oos17 it nyyhas

  A cup of water is scyzdvn cxh9ow)8 6r* e1ooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energ9x8 *wre)6h y1cnzvdoy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas r d s,5b0da(+kt3/le cycfi 9idepends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its vol6-;dqtg8 d1hk7h0zzpz )cyl oume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed top7)dhzy1 q 6 z; 0o-8tckglhdz expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with intcbrd-cc h2a. /u;:n2 vrpg it9ernal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not 3qv 8,jtw (juavary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact 2 wh(xbb.iime -ta,/b that water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The samh, bw-a( i/b txb2mie.e amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made uov0v)5wwm mxyc) v, ;np of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than do m,v0y;wo n))cm 5vxwvuble that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required tonu702pg*e s fz)l9+ ao 7tztvk change a substance from the solid to the liquid state is referred aptknoz2vt 79+l*esu)fgz70 to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor sta 0aksn jb f- 7.al.7ywa,wl*hz)sxc5pte is rew l *asy.aa - 0ch 77zj5fk,xbl)pnsw.ferred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substancch , pa3vw5dy,gr,q ja4 pi,j*e at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze1bu+rpavm u7xt/7 5yts

  When a liquid evaporatewgc u i)qhrk.x3 *e0:ys

  When a vapor condensv8jra*e;hip -lnk l(*es

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplho cpnbl39 f).kgv3).llng1 fi d6q1e ets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature o) l 1cvlq)i1fng kf36deph9ogn ..l3bf the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan ofjrxfn a7nu8(2 rbs( -g boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water at ybt(* 4gcswn5 $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions i5zo d5y-uy z9ns referred to asznoyz5 u9- dy5

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one e9deomj- .sd 9xnd of an iron bar become hot when the other end 9eo.xm-d sdj9 is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than3/r gx.uguya g ,t 0mm/+e6 akcn82cwc a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one ofgaw0cua k6tm8 /,+u3gn ex2m.cgcr/y the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a hom6z2scwfvcq3h-q7*p *ch6f cmogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference acrow2m6*-63qccvhf c 7c*pf hzqs ss the thickness will

  A layer of insulating mcr:fv/04rkok6o ml l 0aterial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers0o/vmkr 4krl 6o:0l cf have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement ot,k f5 (2)wvte.sttgof molecules from one place to another2tt )5t, o evtfskg(w. is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated oz iu;qkj:l7zn49i k k4n a stove?

  Convection can occurmu m3 zvn 19okn0abe:(

  Which of the following best explains whyr54 ; *gdeu1-b faikpu sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable b4* - ufu;r bei51dpgkaody temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accelera32radyjrf p3 1tion of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heaar 313rd2fjy pted by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectang./yanbrj*szv0 0h3yb ular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the saz0jhnys3.r* yvbba/ 0me inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor7 4z*rffg p*cd.fl.rl does the radiating power chl f4r lf.7*rf.dzgc*pange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the abszj3u fvm4b-;2d bvr x.ence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the/kw s 6+vuehk9 Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalentsz-dk-.+9gujag;ql+ xlp/z: x:p lll to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent t9h zwz8:30yvkb 4asrio how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the t3wm-lrov ,0 v-*hlwb,uvuuc9emperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of wn;vpn b / dnr .wzkj0dfyys1q;ynq:ht+5.h8: ater, what is the resulting temperaturnyd.0djfy nqk;b1hz5v::w 8prnqnt.ysh/+ ; e change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block8hz4s8dpn*udlzrw6go3b xc 3n6: a 1k is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperatur-e8n is mqkd+2h 6kf-ry6uci(y+(j xke of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L ofqi44+fjdnf4k/jv5 1c xba ek8 water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg ofvhwwuv )gu;, vus:sg7 7y4y7p iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperature increases by 4v:huw,u ;yvvg7p7w7ug s)s y $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is+ jwoi4gyqpmjl1t4oq7;v 2 wj t *e(r: heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of coppe3e+x34kees ben6j:zm r, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material g q1a+d4(rift.n.mfwj vx0q5at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated f0 1bw)ldwt dq*rom its surroundings. One object has an initial tempe*1dt wwd )q0lbrature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relat+rc-s-zrp(pu f w s(cbp l.b84ionships between various forms of energy by meaz rrwfs (scpp4b8(c+l- b.up -suring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance o9*oprpw ,+qn7c8 m5qkx0wp p ef 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?*qw q5k wp+9cx07,p8 nprmpe o

  A 200-L electric water heater ugzoo+s pk,of:gmc . w/h27fd:ses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank ok:gzso +7f.fcg2w hd:po/m, from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it taq2w*phy ) r*uhke to heat 20 kg of water from h*r) yp*wu2hq $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 , b:0lqga,v b)g 24jjceb:t u9dp o4kkg, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel kn*e yktd9l)q19 ync;jr ife blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to changb-ua+ f 6uoja1e it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to mek 5 ;+x0adh3vslpwt+p lt 200 g of ix05pdv++l 3wsh tk;a pce?

  How much heat energy is nes,han+8-lu / h; wtyqpeded to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100 g of9+s7x s 9or qsawt76a(7jlycp $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of 4ke1g jibe y/:ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiaufihv64 /dd62 q9gn2 bmpn0 oully at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a*b fmo; vumn39.mwd t8t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg oc5/c2aa znjrdzsd 2sc(z) 28 vf water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is requi e*y- kzc+yjz,red to change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g ocbw:wmp /-it l c:1 vlb/1+pbuf $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea 6hc4;p+lngz- +y+d p1lqdoh59xyt qqp jm(v ) by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the hgjqp-y1; hh.mr4u pl0 eat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its meltingp jlmr4q;y1.g-puhh0 point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivityuyv(y0)n cd8i of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum3 ug; neoqgf.):8av ,i z:xatf is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The fau: 8,zng:a)f i.oqt3vgx;ef ree end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm tc-u r5swd7u8q1 f6)o0u prpnshick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature p n rf6)5u-ps8 oq cwrs1duu07is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm t20f 5iqqbqj f9hick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature is bjf i9q0q2fq5$-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 8 sk :t:,fok9jlld 7qg2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete ( lof j :7d,lqts89g:kk$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,;6kx l*c8 ,bqrwu(n jn000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperatucao5i8d/ j s67ung)g ure if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the tempert1i7vj ; m.oohature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of aremijo.v1ht o; 7a $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when itsj 5-af 3b6ag7 qaqek 4a4b2eb is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection area of 1z5cywvjumw z.i.hsw*p i9 n6,32e, u;xssti$15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.