Which of the following is the smallestqq;*kha(f b*f unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gra k/s0i;ju49ari ow9lqhl s b4yun0n* :m of water by $1{}^{\circ }C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is refenmqr3xj5;; ra ) q*avkrred toxk a3)n; j; q5qvrram* as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimmint,s njwbf 8r/,g pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal ef,8 r,jsn/w btnergy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideak5a793k ojnyf vy.l)rl gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP 2z b1;o6w uq 0np2lx m8jqhz arx4u*x.prk4+kis first compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then itahx1qr z+2 zrxm.40l6wkpo 8pu nq2x *j4kub ; is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal enepmvy6(du.s8 -sp: aorrgy U at $200{}^{\circ }C$ is heated to $400{}^{\circ }C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatu-hp)ua bm18da res do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher saqvi 3a,5) v1kkwlw4qpecific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. Theaka v1)v,4kq5w wliq3 same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of vpeq d7pc)+x+8f ep3ha hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and th)v3 q+ pe78phxcpef+d e copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid stated2ng 9ar)ttuyj 3j.g4 is ref u2tt a4g3y9djnjr)g. erred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid tov6a7hoc +xj0jw ro)ua*kx08 i the vapor state is referred to asr8kc 7oxwo+ 06jx)a v*uji ah0 the

  If heat is added to a pure substance auu( 8ilxrsinh75i 6 8k;rl jb(t a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesbi uh4-mor 94e

  When a liquid evaporat**bym5 nchdqe)0 7/ys uh/ttbes

  When a vapor condensekmqt(ip0* 2 cez2vk+hs

  In a cloud formation, weg/dng7y/yfbvhx* 4) ater vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This willngef4gy 7h*xb/ v /d)y cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling or:i,9d bgm0xwater causes

  Equal masses of water ati 8c-p ux9sic0z f4:qc $20{}^{\circ }C$ and $80{}^{\circ }C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T=-20{}^{\circ }C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T=0{}^{\circ }C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat nbtj28(h;m/l rfv h ;wflows by means of molecular collisions is referred to a;j/hlr;8 th2bn m(w vfs

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron barx)glmk 5xe69qwx/w h ,tt3m)hka 6 o*c become hot when the other end is placed in a fla5gko63 qtx ae,)w m hxc6*/) h9wxkmtlme?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much coldeltv (yduj9gy2 175nildyx2o x5x8oz( r to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the differen(xyo xy7 z15xgiuodvj2ndtyl8(29 5 lce in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the fume rm w k*/ol-oen+0m*2q1srate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickn q2m0 *o s-o*me/wku rn1mlef+ess will

  A layer of insulating matiagyy : uy5(7kz3rfc3 erial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal condu7 (k y3r:ycia3zf gy5uctivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by thefe7r*a .tq- 7cqhr* 1 8:guamneu5wpn mass movement of molecules from one place to another is referred to n-* wagqre57r*u8 m:e7 cnt1pf ahu.q as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a povr hhcoz; bgi* c5 1ow)t1/nu6t of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur6h( ;r fl6q5 gg.d*vaq mhc7qf

  Which of the following best ex o:jgu14d(ro jucx v-/plains why sweating is important to humans in mainud4r/(:c ogjujov 1x -taining suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where t f5(x bt5(ijrtv6 ocg9*vsfr bs/2i yfa*8me 1he acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection curc8 ba sj5mv rvo92y(ftfe rg1bs65*x*ti/(firents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houe8,g-vrkqho 7yi 6 ce,42myqbses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under iden2q c7 i ,g86m,eb4hqv-kroyeytical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factkovvkw:n- v)h*5tu z( or does the radiating power v5 tkv-)wnk(:uvzh o*change?

  The process whereby heatif iaq :,y8u,z flows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism dosu 9.bpq pp61lefazl+fxt+ /,es the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much heatoa9 w*d.+omtn?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how m) aut ox;(8xyn7 .veqeuch work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8\times {10}^{7}joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperaturep3we e4 axl r-*stv fd-i1.d6p of 100 g of lead ($c=0.11kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) by $15{}^{\circ }C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting tempera.qu4v 8fxj1+n 8;ul:h vp8sdpawjv 2yture 8vq2fywhjl sv+d anpjp.v:48 u8 ;1xu change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originall i/2ae/zpd*.,*lw m xn ib+khpy at $10{}^{\circ }C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises thax-utn x9gis/ 8 ;.pjde temperature of 2.0 kg of material by ${400}^{\circ }F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heaj- v vy).l ubjk. d)ga;lhvv8+t up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80{}^{\circ }C$ to 60 L of water at $30{}^{\circ }C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of coppetevj(wm yxd694 x*xp-r. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperatury e xjx(dxwmvt4- 9p6*e increases by $35{}^{\circ }C$?

  50 g of lead ($c=0.11kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) at $100{}^{\circ }C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0{}^{\circ }C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of me,p o;o5wj7 svr z3 /w7cqjufge) +km/stal is heated to $100{}^{\circ }C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3{}^{\circ }C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2{}^{\circ }C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiallyelg i (tlzfc11kk,6h+m/ b2zz at $95{}^{\circ }C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15{}^{\circ }C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at ju) 84 uilh5ch,22xkuewzwj) $100{}^{\circ }C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0{}^{\circ }C$, the final temperature is $40{}^{\circ }C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass object7(:o5hba attecst y 3a 6-sc*as make up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. *to5cat 7ts :a - 6(aahycsb3eOne object has an initial temperature of $100{}^{\circ }C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0{}^{\circ }C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted zq -5r/+g/y1w nurerp to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water //gnq1+-preyzr5 u rwwhich had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over c2dz-jhzg 9gyl 6m4z,Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by wh jm9ygz-lcg 6 4hzd,z2at temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how litbhwa31 k1-awa gr36ong would it take to h6 -1thag ba3rai ww31keat water in this tank from $23{}^{\circ }C$ to $75{}^{\circ }C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long wikzax:z,wv 2wigr2a p:oh 69c 7ll it take to heat 20 kg of water from9wopza k26:ch,2x gzwi:7 vr a $20{}^{\circ }C$ to $100{}^{\circ }C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000vin 70a llai:2 g, $c=0.22kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20{}^{\circ }C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specii5 3xsh.9a/tuxz 7a4fj2pzp nfic heat = $0.11cal/g{\cdot }^{\circ }C$), the metal can get as hot as $400{}^{\circ }C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20{}^{\circ }C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to lvg:ld-r9ma-+1(r ov b5fns bliquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How uf ;0p7gzzor-much heat is required to melt 200 g-0p;zz grf7uo of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ice -yuf9.,/2a0snu t hfm rxr9ie at $-20{}^{\circ }C$ to water at $50{}^{\circ }C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed f+/jh/y2u dzkzs7sr/ :8zgwve rom 100 g of $85{}^{\circ }C$ water to make $-5{}^{\circ }C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Wug l0j.bn*8vmjc g8mw-9b,p ghen 50 g of ice at $0{}^{\circ }C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25{}^{\circ }C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially a1wwdpev4) a;2g xb,z jt $100{}^{\circ }C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0{}^{\circ }C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0{}^{\circ }C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10{}^{\circ }C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atg,goh m( 1a(wf $0{}^{\circ }C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to changhpq/ju2wj25z.. 3 ztrd yk 0dpe 10 kg of water at $50{}^{\circ }C$ to steam at $120{}^{\circ }C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gramu2u+)jbxyxq 6 of $0{}^{\circ }C$ ice to $120{}^{\circ }C$ steam?

  How much heat is required togl/rjvp /))yycz0cbv3 jj1;e change 100 g of $-10{}^{\circ }C$ ice to $150{}^{\circ }C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initiawr10xyqcf*v1gm v . vn3:jb,u lly at $80{}^{\circ }C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0{}^{\circ }C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10{}^{\circ }C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and thda5 7v2*7k hccv d(v-lh-u48 vzxdjna4o .ndle heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melti-x- 4 vhvu2c zn4*djvhda8kl(o7dacd n7lv. 5ng point is $328{}^{\circ }C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23{}^{\circ }C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031kcal/kg{\cdot }^{\circ }C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concre4ju0iso67 ld8:gn ws9 v u9vtete is $0.8W/m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1W/m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of bcs(6. /vavek erass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod/.6seckv e (av is maintained at $0{}^{\circ }C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200{}^{\circ }C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m bycg/vi 9qc1 (kxagel7. 1.5 m. If the outside temperaturcv(gqx/ i. lk9c e1ga7e is $-10{}^{\circ }C$ and the inside temperature $20{}^{\circ }C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. r5;9nvmlnzk0t;rit bt*w - d6If the outside te0;t-t9 wn;* tdvrkbrzm56inlmperature is $-10{}^{\circ }C$ and the inside temperature is $20{}^{\circ }C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m s58k+ j.zj lxmb1jott:ection of concrete l8tt j.x+ j: ozbjmk15($k=2.0\times {10}^{-4}kcal/s\cdot m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21{}^{\circ }C$ and the outside temperature is $4{}^{\circ }C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat 12y r5scwa; 1hs,jdenthrough a $2.0m^2$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k=2.0\times {10}^{-4}kcal/s\cdot m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) if the temperature differential is $10{}^{\circ }C$?

  What is the outside 6kzv9+ h; kmam:j;azltemperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0m^2$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k=2.0\times {10}^{-4}kcal/s\cdot m{\cdot }^{\circ }C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20{}^{\circ }C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining t, brk0z1yob7 steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole ofk7t1y,rb0 bzo area $0.5c{m}^2$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650{}^{\circ }C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human y xmmf s2.96egbody radiating energy when it is at $33{}^{\circ }C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4m^2$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.