Which of the following is3 q isxi2ibv5( the smallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise tho;/q 2uzlwqs9e temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the avpaehly 0* 3ty5q(:jq cerage kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred toj h5t3qy pey0a*cq( :l as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. f7 qv3een q 6jn;dgi*5 Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of t;g ifn*qdj7e6 vn e35qhe water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideatl9.aohrn 3h1 5 bx;gdl gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed unp hq+9 9kgt-r)kzvpl 9til its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed tg thql9rk 9)-kp+ 9vzpo expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with inter7e4(umqtq zd3nal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically is thatwdory b,d+h-;n l-b q(

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher sp4 e)2nqc/ub pcecific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Wh)qu/cne pb2 4cich statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of alumq 0 z; 9xy oq-7q2kdqhy)/bkscinum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loh /dz q2)7ysk qykx-;q0cq9 boss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change-sy/5v7qgf iw y)l:-e nkssk g7a/g8b a substance from the solid to the liquid state is referred to as thk-g: nksey ss)/af5 8gibq/ygw-v7l7e

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vecwc6e5+6 jq,6 d)gkeqn i.sdapor state is referrdc)6 i+k65gsewqe.nq j,d c6e ed to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steady ra1l9+ wm dj)ka9ny de0rte,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesk.s d ;s2no8jz

  When a liquid evaporatesp rw 9n; 7lulyx46o/gx

  When a vapor condense.wm.-rajfz319 ooe s fzvn fqdo 08k0(s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get w0*q f66vzj1 a2 1tgx cppx2,ds/ghembigger an jwv2amgh 6t xcqe/pz,f 11g 0x26p*sdd bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame underzr. 6ytm:jo9 u a pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water atg8a8hqw/ gdjs1m -2x fd)) boz $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referrei7idlno )mi4so q09,md to asmm)49,n dois l0iqi7o

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does ouz:lqj9c uy ite4-i8)-1 ezd wne end of an iron bar become hot wi i)4- jzt8e:ze91u uycldq-when the other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece oc7y3.mb;y5,h)vx td5 xjugyef wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physica7hd;j3xue)t .5cvyy,gx bm5yl property?

  If you double the thickpizj o2v cl+-4ness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature diffe2+ jliv-poz 4crence across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material wtu7xm69l a(o pith thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is (atm7 lpoux96the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by tra,w5ukz tqe i1l8zs) xfe2,7 he mass movement of molecules from one place to anoa,s kzrflz ,we5x81e7 t2u qi)ther is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanishz fe/l 06hq l*g4bkw0m is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur,bi) p h6wxzx6p qil9:

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is i7ycfrs)mcq/ i:sddhqnd 1l36(-ub3 y mportant to humans in maintaining suitable body temperal1dducm db(sh )sqr c:3qf6/iy-yn3 7ture?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment wheabcvk4m)g/ q9(ze, b rre the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heatin ( 9vqkbr4),mag zeb/cg?

  Consider two neighboring6mt+g/e yjo38 syzm.jm7q8u jsz6i: c rectangular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would8+6j tg68/s:oicsy3 jmyej7u z.mmzq be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature*rmf +k.voql ey 50k;j of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power chane;kv. jf0o+5*rlm q ykge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absqd:fh- ckizr 1-5(ew qence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfoa pt-/3g rzb,be(,+ -e unae5zijc 5ner mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent tousk;:uf4a 1 u, tzud.c how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equives0qapk;j 3+ h 6bb4axalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 10)gv ir9jsyi f vxqi88n37 3 048qagfsz0 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to:ay) kz ,;kcvo 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature ca;:o c kkzy),vhange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is o n4uyx4aaa)mcpq*mc*1 l,h; jriginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the gzmp0g(czl;j,ix8u)p ar0 n/(5 xo5r jax n5utemperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her b .8gf1l v,irjw-h,sr uaa/33cu6cygf ath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg en(r-vi1 xe1h;h e 5fmof copper. How much heat is added to the gea;en e x(hmi1rehv-f51r if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatedzk:/:x 3b4 bc alruq.m to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially db);mbif((do at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material atu c/ +rsosu o+;o3a-lx $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated from its surkf1gm )ymk rq q++.:q :cmdm3droundings. One object has an initiamqrm +g:)f:m d+c ymq3kqk 1.dl temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule atdpcf;4dt6 ykts-6 (aqtempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which4 a;pqdky td 6s(-6fct had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagarwo7(wze(+ y l/3mmq e.u*c dyra Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what tem(*q. yed(eyclw/rzo7m+mw3u perature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water hmzx3pm; .ra, l0brb 5zeater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take prz;3mm .b5zr0x,l bato heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will puh l5yf(ymk l ;r)5t0it take to heat 20 kg of watl5 0( m 5lthrpyfu;)yker from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 5mn)k0t 0tr xpsy s14c1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade h th g9gcl1*c:(specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to changeih7bwwcy7q 0 2h8,x f0/gnbni it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. hx:su*10y ynmjp*. u:ltk 9lv How much heat is required to melt 200 g lmun0ls* t*.91:vk yhxj pu:yof ice?

  How much heat energy iwf7ew225rwu jvg n6a8l - 8asms needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed fromuxql bp7(x //:h:mujv 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice an pyl,zwyt (m/*+) dnnt $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of waterdxkgnip2 )ug6kyu1z3hp ;5ya e jw*./ initially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at f.d imyz.6);oo a2mtuj9xun 8$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of w/u4l.ee7yvn p ater at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gram o1ep qe0tin 9(us4 7higf $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 10d (q xdf(80t6+n zlexn0 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of ho c 0mde:g37k8lo.gsn mt tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/ vl 6qw+5btbgyqu 3(8dkg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting poinl q(w85bt+ bgyd36u qvt is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity +i. brqt6w:g( 3cerfoof concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rodywc m;k9u(r qbm0-3 fgs (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the b 9u(ymgf- cbmqkw0r3; rass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions 1((0xraod oz(z k6yse of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatdosr 1(e( 6k0aoz(yx zure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensi)yr9bqz) k p0jo6g(eeons of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside teo gqe)(zp9r 06 ybe)jkmperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through v+n xvy .c+gb+ktg- (ya 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete vn(+b.-+yycg + txvgk($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat throu)z0j2) flwncx 3cpj og 673dlbgh a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost througs3e5 bx ubuvc v -gwrkm;30d5;khymb04*hx 1 rh a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace 1qyi:y ;2zdzuwqid4 pr4v :0vused for refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through aqy 4vqv p4ddw i1:ri:0;z 2yuz small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radir76toskj u)+u/t 5 qtox(kst7ating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effeckd5awd/6 +h iltive collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.