Which of the following is the smallest unit of heatf uz hzouejw)537 do;0 energy?

  The amount of heat necessary ton qmrs15i 15vds7 dq kwllo 9f9eh7)b) raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of indioup 2bh(upfdq(jpje3v 5 vm4d/k: *c4 wued:4 vidual molecules is referred to*v pj uukde3do(2 c4me:u/4f5 :jbdh4(vpp wq as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compa,vd 6vjo6q1by re the temperature T andy6,do6qvjv 1 b the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depends oncrpz 9d*m2op .

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until it dh(6legtkd08r3 l n8xs volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. Alngexld3d86l0t(r k h 8l of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal eniva6xuh lk 6b.k /t(9vergy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastfu(4ckt0 )/ st3xt9x5g jt vfpically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher sp /x n0pngrcv /cz(c8ft-l;.jkecific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in ther-ljx(rkct p8/; z.n v0ncf/ cgmal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piea*,m;9iqqpw 0n5x x6w mpvy9u ce of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magni9w*ax0pp9 i ;yq v 5nwuqm,x6mtude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to:( i hhi;j9-fll9gjs z the liquid state is reli9fh; j lj:g(zhs9 i-ferred to as the

  The heat required to cha/;y1/dutpth n: xt6eange a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is referred to a n:tahy6/;1 xeu tpt/ds the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steadyhlrv gd15 8qxvqy(m(7 rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesn jmzxyn 3s hb(i11v20

  When a liquid evaporax3q 5z ;irrq .sq3zn6ptes

  When a vapor condensesmz,jefl d0k446tsw f xwa6x(6

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets giz.un2 vxlvm1xe.5; which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the t;5 xv m21z.eglvxn.uiemperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling waterlq8kf 8i41v8xqn wu6c causes

  Equal masses of water u(hi 9rys:fbb 372k h3o1kggpat $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collision t: 8bvmcys6x.s is referred to am :ys x6bvtc.8s

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one gxh d8m:1pya 5.(20l w irq8votx j1gdend of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame0gwg8pvx2 81 x(odmat .hil1q :r5dy j?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch t1ap9b*8z/wn o 1s9.z+ aw qx2obpxapyhan a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following pa+a9 bzpo8/wxsp nyz *.9pb1qa2xw1ohysical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall r *9jx-plp/hunq3e ,rbuilt from a homogeneous material, the rate of xphnj/qlr-e93 u p, r*heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with theg6armo3:s1ca 7u(nyl- lhcrri- x-8qrmal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K.1srr 6(gy87u q-hc-ca:ri oll-nx3m a The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from oao3t* j-cv :odat+ , bn.zl wd2d.afxx70g7ch ne place to anat 0vx-o,oc+:. x7wtfb *a7 zjl c2ddadng .h3other is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer m9)xo4 z u7aok; 7lhkhuechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur6r le xvt8ug3 n*l1 c(a0v1osz

  Which of the following best explains why sweating ix y0d(ecj2*,llh h5nh s important to humans in maintaining suitable 5lhcnd,le2(h0x yh *j body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an eny;:ogty i- h.yvironment where the acceleration of gravity is essentiall: yoiy- th.;ygy zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring z4mwoz;9hv4n0)gras oo / x7 irectangular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the othes 7g r )9xm0wh;4vo ooi4nz/zar. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor dob kj 14+k*.hk*e.f0fu- sdculj xkm+ues the radiating*jm f 4f dh ku1x*+klsj-e.0uck.u bk+ power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence o*j/csfg ; k k3q63mpaof any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun 0o1i1 l;ukmwy,pur .at*l i*ewarm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much heat? :3h 8*w(sle prk;kxdb

  16.5 kcal of heat is ep*oa9dps) ool/m ,phppv7uh7v b7, m+quivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead* pea8.h2d cgb ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kgi)0 lvrk5yci3 of water, what is the resulting temperatur5k03c i)vy rile change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum blom-jkzq-(oxun2 5uopy*7.hkv ck is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises th*ri95 k5c0 taiwqi- ywe temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by addq 8-hl 0,c(ae6sleftr ing 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of co5y 6fv:u*e qibpper. How much heat is added to i u5fq* 6:vebythe gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of meta3b --eh ema;afl is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, iniy27gct7,k dh utially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at ( gj p3zcv*xm5 ylb31v$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system thatwebe ijov 7,:5 is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object :eob 57ijwe v,has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attemp;aggss +pi ;z+udko .)1-vetf ted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum t1;+ otiez;-.gda f vs pgksu+)emperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a1 el2 ql6ygqk q):h2xm distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is convertlyqqgm:hq el1x2k 2)6 ed to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heaterpzoxwap1y mxkf 8 k /9)v(/9uj uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would ityap9x/ v(kx9kj pfz u8o/ 1wm) take to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat wa6rhb;i 7hg3x rb3+ol rter. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water3ri 3h;hogrbx bl67+ r from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mazh6lqs/.sl0 do)vn)l ss 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specifii v95kivpbo.t1 )j. oac heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed bad2k ktj:p;ie (g)9kfrom steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How, e7ro*8c nmfy much heat is required to melt 200 g of*7fnry8om,c e ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of g97hq-5ql g(( ifu o)gasqp/h ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be remo;f 7 vt7plzvf c9 bq6y3/e6qxcved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g pyo, mgfmk )6)of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially a 18m4 7jxkb )up-j 3k9qxqtbip kp2(jet $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at c3f50w eh4w;4*an;ugwvesc m $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of water at 4wz wp,u 4mw/f$50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required tu 64i2; b+qhrjifx+ bdo change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required j*fk75 npx7)hysyz7dto change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 koy8 dbx nih293g of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and theubtxt+j( / yg qj)p4reob5ctl/ f n37- heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its me)j gncjyxfu b4e+pb-l3(q/o75 t/t rtlting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of - .hmtpgpo1 yyt*;+gf concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods oqtmdj-*6dsl 8)w.1s:vfn ,cu ejru; (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. r ds v,jqs;6eu -w):j tn1u locf8.m*d The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thiq:r.m s giwgosc/9lb 2+d87r1f5ygdfck has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperat.:1+bqddwfrsg/g 8li 2ocm r79g5 fsy ure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If -tmfvsua.x w6: (zs6y the outside temperature(aszv-6:6.y tfmx suw is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 ho tgqg;* :x2ablur through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete *g :qbxlta2; g($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transb,g; :bg jcb2tfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside tp7wii lo7oam a 6.es1f f62,qlemperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel,,hi;8wqtmxb b+:dz/9m 3 ed1lu*hncm the temperature is monitored by measuring the mnbl/1m3 b qzhxd*iu e:m twc9;d+h8,radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the humaj1ck-ffitf hev,- *3m rr*yf7 n body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effec7 *ez 7y0mq;qpc+edextive collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.