Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat ener6pet jrq n24ic ss(rl) ,x5p5xgy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise thl dnt3(n fx+5fe temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is referrt7-px,jix a :eed to as:axet 7,jxp- i

  A cup of water is sco+;poccrp9v,3r o lqw )go/)68hx jooioped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and tp +8 ho /r3)oxpol;jgco, r)icw6 v9qohe swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an idef jtugtw.ul:2jd.zwa ov 7477al gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is ksl2jod0j86w half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding th jolj6 0ks8wd2e temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U abi 7i7kwd;6:d pifr,gt $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vareak 43x lfj/kjl2gxfulr.. c b(j;u1( y drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that wa*d 7mr. kujvl6t*ufq1 d8 uic;ter has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, considerd* t6qmdu l1.*i 7c8kvrujf;u equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is madc1k ndne:j418 oe w;cre up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the coppe;deecw84o j1nnkc1 r:r are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the y5a)e3cthctx23s m5h liquid state is referred3c53 5xt2heh)ymscta to as the

  The heat required todk- zi6cr4v+v9/ sigu change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is refer6 d +/c kri4s9zuvg-ivred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance 1mv k+*w gc1ngat a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezectnk 2huz( ; /xkyofq2m4/.vbs

  When a liquid evaporatp2m jjx1d8 64 lbljk.r twz yb7zo58k2es

  When a vapor condensvpw e2)f/rit p4d 3a.kel0w )aes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bazcsg+btvc;* 5nka ww a v(3/5w9acv1igger and bigger until it rains.;ct 55 wa(/ag1saz kv bw93vvcc+n*wa This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boilingh uzas 4p:rbs0( *ns(t water causes

  Equal masses of wate dqyy r-8j71tvr at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of i62 p mzpla2mb-9s zh5molecular collisions is referred to as p6z5pais 922m- zhmlb

  By what primary heat transfer mec 1 nne :urbi4i uh3dgn68tqx). 4ozal(hanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame?16 ) nd:buhrq4zie.ag u3n8nto ilx4(

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the ton/6w.+tzi1 e vnlp3efuch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of thn1nf/wvleei+.p z 63t e following physical property?

  If you double the thi:)9 wcenc4ukeckness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the th )4 ecc:wek9nuickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is place5df an;8js7: epd +tqgzx;vtoeh 7 .6td on a layer of anotheq ogp 85a7xtj :zh;dfs e6+tt.7nd;ev r material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from o.os/ s8dmd 2,ptzm go6ne place 6 m8,ost2sg d./mdpzoto another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on amvfs 6eaj+e m:(pyq2csm 2j(f w: m3i4 stove?

  Convection can occurrd-4q j t7kw;x

  Which of the following best explainjb0t l9(dp d; m;wwt/xs why sweating is important to humans in maintaininpb0j /9tm; wd wtl;(xdg suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where theic40j)cc,0x wr7yrh wdvk d1w nd/e56t x 5l-l acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the co 0 vjd wr40c ld-)7twhewk5c61xr lxdy,inc5/nvection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular hous)mer h yl7d/jxul 17mul) 3) 7slww(kues built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold dwm ujx) )ly/mu dr3l)7h7ku(lwsle 71ay? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator i ib.f5 ngq2edb1q(un il *.dx2s doubled, by what factor does the radiating power bqf g2ln* udd(15q .beii2n .xchange?

  The process whereby heat flows in thcfu8vhdm, r:a6jtg4 .e absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat tran e1xw 8cby*oyc5 (f2:iufwyw9sfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how m1vki h0xi+wy-uch heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalenw pp. .jge89z da/rc.at to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g: tyj7-.(5rfxvylv4 eh0 wbek of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg ofo2 p7 l52-v( ripvauzr water, what is the resulting temperature chai5 7- or(vrzpp2vu2a lnge?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block isyio::ss s 3wt;kk;q,g originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of mbwv7hh)a lc w0wco-pjt /,.t4aterial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0hz7 8m -ikfet4pc 9ib( L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg mtw 9/3s6 wxw27wjwh 5:liz euof iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is addelzmwweiw uj25w3t96xh 7s/w : d to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal w7ju yn1be cb53hvs45is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, ihlu)p+q ,rouwq-*/y pnitially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material u0* i4/-ugypai ysso,at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that iz /de;+a , smvn+ .*jotrxqmm)s thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has *a,moq ;jtd+.r/xzmms)+ nvean initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships betwk i*ev x1p-uc(een various forms ofixpekc 1vu-(* energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a d q6hu:wr 3) uq b*e7j dih0a4leo6kqd+istance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal ener+*ae 0ewhb6q3d 4u lio:kur )hdqjq 67gy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat /zer*5b/dc;h :e2u ua m aos6dloss, how long would it take to heat water in this te:/ 2ud deshcrau /o *mz;5ab6ank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water.q9x)ar6zhz ujgntsg0s3x- 4 + How long will it take to heat 20 kg of waa-+9nzshg 6 jx0xtsz3rqgu4 ) ter from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 i* a1qrv x:(duzt4sa. g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knniw-rid j 6b9fq4(pw2ife blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be rtz55jfanh)6voi 4ai5 emoved from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/+*(r l01zix b2x nrhqxkg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of ice?lxrih02bx xzrq1( *n +

  How much heat energy is neede q:j+loqka9 r+d to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be rem/r/3pyg pv/ru/)i sjfoved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice i)8)mqkq02 bgjpxc u +is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water ij+twp je u673jnitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atymaf2k39f j;okzf* g/ $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to cha, rz8a de)oneh4z4r* fnge 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gram ozhd7 :a; mh, p5bbolw)f $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g3 pitfr)0 el8w1;p 6 qvyazjy-7yyi;a of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot teig+w.) svklo 2g* c.foa, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kp8 kekz45:wus5la,b a g, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, a8lb5sk5 ake ,wau4:z pnd its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete957ykqdsfpv5qvh tl. 9b.rr3pp +a 4b is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twic ;dv: /z ps.g*yp16hodgdb*jae that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) ao gj *pd1absy6. p/vgdzdh*:; re joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outsid: 3ymx)yqgchyjfp, f/ *5+c yse temperatureymp,5ys3 *y/qgcyhc):j+ff x is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the on0 r gm-2djs2yutside tems-y2g d0r 2mnjperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hou0q 1duxpzf3) nw8ut6er through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete (x3z8u t)fq n016due wp$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,00k,5wx57. p0 ebvqt8mjfu bj. t0 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 1t5 ii,. xchaj4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is o ;k7dvjobxbn;(wawygj55xe r c4*-*monitored by measuri*x(jo- *;bbvjc 5 4eg;konwd 7rawx5yng the radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiatme.z *d+ n(sz lncsu j2y3uqlg.ma1+k1xql ,5ing energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar cl1b8v15afzxc2s h a7gollector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.