Which of the following is the smdi tw2)m)t u9yallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the tec wx1 m zpvt7c(mj; 2y4nj.x2zmperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the averagehhi9x*fd o vbiq(dwr+2daq 6q ms 0321 kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred toa whqo9x*r+(qd d 30 q2v16s2 hfdmbii as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of wategrmi*k7u 6de+;4n z rir. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the w r46ir *;d +in7ugzmkeater, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas dep71+x3bjx 7vnpkkck rfkki/6 ;d enn );ends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first cov e)knbrb/2zjj. *u+s mpressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this isbbj.s*nu z+/jkr2v )e done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with in/5 rs9 g1m je * cdo*2nyh.7:ykgzmrviternal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not o,)6 4* doi9epprou-pfvthj 3vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that 2-wtqmpy)b t2water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is truep 2qyb2)-wttm?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot pie+79tg1iys yzlce of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capact7il1yg+9 zsyity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a subst*b.a4m hgifk 2ance from the solid to the liquid state is referrf ib2ghk.am*4 ed to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is rzo7f3bh 0*i rn ft*o yo)ozoc+56esx,e53yf *tzehso7+orxono*b)z0 fc,6o iferred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steady+ socb -/.cxp.hqji83:xdah r rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes;j9d9j vc-j-0vkh8a n-owfip 6zhc 9m

  When a liquid evapor( 7bpit egep:*7coe3+us- b2nvs69j u yjch3d ates

  When a vapor condense ;q9f zzh0rxq.s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water - nuuuvi84k i3cc14bgdroplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the cl uc4-unbc8ug31 v iki4ouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water cause398k 8mrj )yk*e lothdb ,kz0qs

  Equal masses of water at f 6lgzil5m,;h$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flo pq7go5(uf*wv;( rvxw ws by means of molecular collisions is referred to as;qv p ( *owgw7uv(rxf5

  By what primary heat transfer mechaj .i: n.pfy+azvf:,oj nism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed :f oai :pjv.fz+,nj.y in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of es 96ucz10 04cssvozp metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of woodz0oss1veps6ccz 904 u. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a howpm dr7x:dprfr 6gfah46q :7 l-+8gskmogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperaturerqr6pdrw-m748:+kps xld f:a7h6g g f difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed/vrs ;j zzyq*) fmekd3 3aa*rj(.ixd: on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effecti*;z /k3djr jvsrzy3qf (.x:ei adma* )ve thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat fluy e k ;h,;q k71rs/ft3tcibt1ows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is referred to tu;7ith1bs;e1 kfrt y,kq 3c/as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated 7l g3w1j:ghraf l8i.son a stove?

  Convection can occur,/ov isi0-q8shbcij8

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important 8nly1bitkv55rmof a/w 21iu 6 to humans in maintaining suitable body tem8rnkuv f oyi25611/l itm5baw perature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration ofj m)ao9jx. 6lf gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater,jxo9) a6ljf.m what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectanguloc ,rpx)k8 xn/ar houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width,p , cnrx8)xok/ and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubledoh,7 r q0n. xa3 n v;t/6 jczskyg1/)k5bxbpjt, by what factor does the radiating power changckq v;1bg zh.no0 y,57)/rjn tatx /x6j3spbke?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is 3t9cev l2 (gp,brrwd:referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechacuzrq-*-2n .r7j ;obh:bzorj nism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how loyf:b0cb) x)much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much/m1gtzwa (usg dl4 +xst;56guo 3 *sdi work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lea)k l59z(4fmmkb ta:fqd ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of waterp.z/i a yc *l9ohnj6ozxoo8(,, what is the resulting temperature co za89/*ocx(zoh jl.i 6y,nophange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originalqk) o,:l /nt sv8)(mdqb0nna emccb4mi5n:+tly at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises thek/29qe(tnac+,hobvb zqf2 / z temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to he s inxsr, 1)d)*mo5fvk t3f3rbat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consist+e/8alxs 2,jb ) ofiews of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if tios2l ejxbw/+f8ae,) he temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal mp26ftytrpm5.,*f spo3 yuy 6 is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copphm1x b en*5syo*vl:h6y fi25ner, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at j9ue sf 3:j6qgy :3nbw$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated from its sxy e2q 9j0wrf7bc/l-rkr qg;0urrlb / q;0w2j9 rcrfegxk7y0-qroundings. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to exp3b2mt,0x ;+du4ikgig +wkknk lore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rmbid0 kgu, t kwn4+32kg;ixk+ise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assbsjfzc)3q ;km9 tz7k )uming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the wa)c;zkm3jtk)7bf9z s q ter rise?

  A 200-L electric water h 0/r p0a ti7i,2lmwvqfeater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank fril702i/ qtpwfrvam 0,om $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat wgsk,+ b pc:v/tater. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water+b,k s:g tv/pc from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g,lxda;s b3cb:o gf,t-, ju3n i( $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heat = cfg*.l+k,n wenbwa0 ; $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removedu:a orr6:f5yy from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat rcfp-0-*ge apk;h5d -webt ,xis required to melt 200 gpkw-, gb ehpfa c xrtde-;5-*0 of ice?

  How much heat energy is needejen*. +rc z(cbd to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to b)s,.d0asxy + kbkq9jce removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ic6; asph8dongwbkm) 40 e at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiaks9 r :d05p)wrie jul1lly at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at5/,i :vavub:kqg-uii $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kghl9 ht+0bk9t 2:mrbj ughpc*8 of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change on2vmwqmh7/;s wg:4 gdn e gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to changh dnlyd.l0m3nb*jk 4qj58 :pre 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by addiy 3mn+n u(qd43av( swcp1i oi8ng ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of leada)mk pe6sou9*g z(x: b is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and i mso *z:bapg(6ke9)xuts melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of con padkos w:- ro+g1-1yfcrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice tn 4w1dct /lc)zfnws3/hat of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in exc4sdc /lwzf3)t/nc 1n wellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions ofwc-,oa0 xswv8qaem2 - 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature is0,wx e-ms -coa aw8qv2 $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has l+um5v nolv4 +dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tuv++ml4 l no5vemperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour th-wj8pmb(w* g ivyq8h *rough a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete (j* *h- wyvq88mb(wpi g$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 ca*etzy) )b/pns l of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal o 57bk8hwoh0 r gkor5y1pei(b)f heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature 503zb3n ngo 0orss(5y mcczm *is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of area35n*o03 05 yzromsszg( cmcn b $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when bcmmkc)mw;sd;b) j6 3)f+ o jbit is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection :p7irmf/g +t:f3ixzr ed0q w, area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.