Which of the following is the smallest unit8z wr-i lyq*:p of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the tempe-mky4cslg-6jfldkt ku p7(6* rature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the averagex w r.*zud7-qn kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to a* .dr-7zwnu xqs

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. f:o(,1fa etakq0 gku- Compare the temperature T and the internal energy a0f -1kt(fgk o,u:qeaU of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an )rps:i /xi 1frideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half.he9 9og +5q 5 xrp7otegrypl8 the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of th+yoorqex. 9 plpggrh5t5 789ee gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with int8 ntzshw 3)t:nf71bbdernal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do no+nz7byh(z u t(t vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has i -nh0cmhle:t,cme.lb3 r3k 9a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses.hcb03, kmt lihmr9l3n: -cee of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece 56f,y:cj7m;m 1dxjlarq,ea m of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which objectfxl 6d;j1jyarceq5 7 ,mam,:m experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from t9y:hq1x zsx:4zk1 (kt9 g-udh6mgl mm he solid to the liquid state is referred to as 6stm1y kz:gz9(x4x 1 qh:gd9lkmuhm -the

  The heat required to change a substancea7p c/s) sal/hn3f.mgsn,:q c from the liquid to the vapor state is referred topq.nc ,csna g3)l/as7 :/sfhm as the

  If heat is added to a pure subspf/0 hvtdie5 j dr/;a2tance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes0xa0 t zbp:gnb+ i6hi1

  When a liquid evaporatcy)mm .1 9vdiues

  When a vapor condensebq fxh.*-d)ln:z3;d n:n ondfs

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bih+ to,nbs(9 1awc80ps.xm/rxb (uk4np o, jhvgger and bigger until it rains. This will,xakvjprh4s,bt9 o+0 8p.b(cn1/smwoh ux (n cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling -lyerj7uhs+3 mai f55 water causes

  Equal masses of water al 9 aez8e5,8yddzqy5o t $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is mqkz- -fsuwrudm6: () referred to ar)fmw(usqu-: dz k-m6s

  By what primary heat tranou5d *c3knyr6 sfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when theroud5*y6k3n c other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels * a3hteah jjr5/(: snpmuch colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the dif h(5tr: a3*/sjehpajn ference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall b,0 sv :cj vl)*:lltihcuilt from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference acro)ill:hsl,*:vtc v 0cj ss the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on aw ys3v q zu8ns0h.+f4w layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have eq8s. + f0nwsuvqy3w4 hzual thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules froebt -thmr*(- wm one place to another is referred to -tb( - wtemh*ras

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is ab s+9uh45x owu pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurf jcq(n. d dh7 1u2/v2v:bmyyy

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important topf4y +(5jd;4rkoevcx2is) faw pr( v9 humans in maintaining4 ipsx( +;v(y2ffve9rca )k5djrp wo4 suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accelerati fn*f8xgxdt9j-kdk.fy,w+ l/on of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what dfkt/fw- f *,y8x+dl9xkngj. is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectaeuq fa(rhwm qz c6-/s28oz),hngular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would nee me r2qa(fs/c-, 6o)zu8hwhz qd heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by whatioq5(0d*ur ):fgzvb8qm2 amx :d0qmp factor does the radiating power chand5q: vrmp2du(f8*zmm b0 i) 0o axqq:gge?

  The process whereby heat flows inr)pzti 3+cm9 e the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does67 wnxec(v9.cxjy q2xvh1he . the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much heatikz u;w,: +h nhwz:;na?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to h: /j5g4gncfwnhs1dq4(i w/eyow much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g o b9kbkqf69)awd )k4 vgf lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of a.w6o xq0ib l/ +ngb8ka p):wowater, what is the resulting temperature changg lk6wo:o8a /x)nba wbi0q.+pe?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum blockvp w5g .d0 x9oqas.jl*w 7m5ql is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raisepmv05 yni v*c8jw5b* zaoxf,8 s the temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L oabm;w4w u 4syn0.y4 nef water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kl )oyocdw2o0:b ./n ipg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temp ib.:o20pnlowd o)c/y erature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of vm2c2 bq. slmln4r n8;metal is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially a c ntpa lip;wgeq7 3 02+:kx1f*peomodox:65ht $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at m)gyahj x)9,up:e y0 n$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated b u+x oxry:z5*7 3cbmfu2s g,yfrom its surrx5 bu 7,y*u+m ocb3:s2fgx yzroundings. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explo v (5 g/k+3,zvdu5ovy2mamut rre the relationships between various forms of energy by meavgmm2yk vt5 r5 z+/(u avdo,u3suring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that al.8fec q6ghs u0l the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the 0fusg 8qe6ch. water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat lo63mmd-xp ec;/qbao 4 wss, how long would it takomcmq /e;p3dx b6a4w-e to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. p 9(l5ept :tuen*z :0ny6oiloorl4,zdjxq*5 How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water t955rlol x,tzqe*4o6pzne u (:il:dopy0 j*nfrom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (massnyppf3; uw :0z 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife bla yz7e*5lf- mq jwbaq31de (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed ;9 z vsgf0 wbgymyq3/1from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to mr.b cv pkjdex(f:((jl -b,6b3h+ rcsielt 20-lh ,pebc 6.rbic (djx3sv+(: frj(bk 0 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ikmb l+89pqdvr x+dx i+ii:j+- ce at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed b*i/u 6lh46p k,*zaka pn r4 :mbg)vksfrom 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcalny3m79n.2/8edfh d tmu3h pde ed -fq,/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiallyqc4imdd7lc;b2t)wo 3 at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at t dl+* swau04n$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10e691t r6e toct kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one srtz* ; j9-cur) 9iv.jfjwq 8tgram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to cha9 360wvd0rtbdq( cs ewnge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice th ggdi/( .16dd9y1rk 5sjoh nvo 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.)nmu-uhcqe,7 - 3 jnoh9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its meltioeh-c,qh )n3jnum u7-ng point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concre si5u8 oaa3,w (m)n8olgl3i1p-pg;c pmuwg 2 vte is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conducti;9 0a 3gxih bbl7lzo7kvity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the oth;7lxg ako39bzl0 h bi7er brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If theio7 cxas h65x6 outside temperaturx5coai7h 6 sx6e is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimd-xhi 1mij03sensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature imxi0h3sd 1-jis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow is+ 8v elx*8x1jyz5tv8kb wo, tn 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete 5vwlyt8txbeso+z 8k 8*j1,vx ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer t mjhkx:0 k/rxan(8 0j1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside t.(lc)dwa:ln 1kko(fjo ji7y( emperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used b.4melnjih 8 )8ctlm7for refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole n cb74lhm)8tl8.ij meof area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the humaf /6xcsz -it,dn body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effectin (g0d1uin3mu ve collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.