Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat eneao y+t4: 1) jgptbjnx n78x*iwrgy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water bye zkyh9/ 8i.as $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinna73gne0qzqw*gg *q7, ta41 bg4umt m etic energy of individual molecules is referred to az7m4qngg,et*g w4gm* 7 a13tqnu0 aq bs

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of watermvi y, 3v2 .ywf++xf )scmme3l. Compare the temperatuw3lmm f smviy+v)+2e3,cyxf.re T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of 35/5k+bpb wvqsx jm-ran ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half tnrzxl9 rq:*r ck7z5s .rr,yz 7he initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the irc,y7xrsz.rzn*z7 l5k q 9:rr nitial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U at 9cmwrv7v3+0 m mdcx 8f$200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperaturew-*np7a jx ,lns do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known f6fdq97nci.n,3t cn lk act that water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in tn. 6n7f3 tknq,c9dcilhermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is0-hpw r2lcw 3i made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Wh- wi02hclwp3rich object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquiw.hxolbc(yo )bsiw 4zs b5l9u52:jx: d state is referred to as j.bixs4y9zbsll:w o(5b :xcwhu 5) 2othe

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state d3a zd/l cica:q/2igwsh2j+ ncy ;c45yp+e1mis referr 3jg;ilecc// dsanymc2+ +hpc i wy:54qz1ad2ed to as the

  If heat is added to xoco, ttwul h48 s0h(eu4pz8fp6s( s6a pure substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesp fztt lf m++2iihi7(+fq w8j*

  When a liquid evaporat+giu2/v6 h iries

  When a vapor condense776kbj gcn/at(v bxd5 xsw 5/os

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droploclteeehi-g9o: kn(:k0f1gp0.qarj,yp l 90ets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperaturh0gpk9:ge k r0ela(o 1 ecn -:jfplq.0oi,9tye of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water h s+fu-i) 53f nxtz 9nw9kribgj02gk0causes

  Equal masses of water a vbss+*fu1trbp 980hit $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows b ip6f-byvsx 5+y means of molecular collisions is referred to asibpy5+-xf6sv

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end xxvju0ogj* 6 *of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame?j xu*gjox* 6v0

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much2;uiz; yqa*0oqh.z phb9m/q k colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in whomzq*h9q;b2 u; i/hk z a.0pyqich one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a wmk(r vuv191c homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference ac1vv(um c9k1rwross the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermao+5 /bik z;q.rv: sw+ahx(im hl conductivity K is placed on a layer of another mate bow++i i(kqz:5;h.s/ xhavm rrial of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby he y2yu3ox)d hq p./gne m.x*zu)at flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place toeyzy)x/hd*. m3.o guq) n2xup another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer m1d .(oeo7h/djwc2 ewpechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurs(0*g agcnwrxj7+w -8duqn8 j

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is i 1 ;rrp+:w+ vbcqaha3:/nhlu important to humans in maintaining suitable body temperau+raacpqr:n1+3bi; h/hl :vw ture?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of grnxodn2u5ldkba3k2e g5(h/1 c 9c)fb e avity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convedb ux)c/(g nefk ha 5be l21odnc5k932ction currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangulat. euz:1 p2zmnr houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length,.2:znzt pe1m u width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by whatwj81+0a ubqyrou 9z- f factor does the radiating power wj8-u1qy 9 bar0fou+zchange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of anyl uc+ oh,)ii5o jf l8e:6nm8nxwfw1j . medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism 6+8ox h8qekfil2a3 yodoes the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much hd- w orwgcx8f+ 6(du:jeat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how + a2t 6hdmret6much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature n *3sjn9ph .4pk)mz qaof 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting 9eqyn- je)cfog7kb/+ temperature9 e en/j+gq yk7cob)-f change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originaln+*l+m cun1h sly at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises o.:fh)qt, ) ,uyuuxu dthe temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at sj-qfnd 1f)bajo ju -a- 8;ea*$80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copp wl6, rn(8ory2y3ducf7ki cq b7q5d:per. How much heat is added to the geark5 y7onf6qd(cwi :2q,br7l dcrpu8 y3 if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated t9* kzi; z/4pesw1z pkmo $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially ct.cah xstv tf6+sx 4e b03*)kat $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material n mg)k02kv ju)at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up zt mty7 ,d1ult+c vc6u0(ne+ba system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an inm1t( cd+c7+u b,utt6zelv0 nyitial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule /k nna lfu83q;t;wb*i eqr-x21l sjf ;attempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise wouldt r83; /*kl sw;e iunl21qq;xajnb-ff one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance ofa ,dzd9:j xzs1 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is conve :9s ,dx1zjzdarted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no gskb6h .-wc ;/+vbbsx+m v9xxheat loss, how long would it take to heat waterg+vsskb.+; 9h/wmx bxc6 v-x b in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat wtfjd/q l0r vkcv i,/04oyfb/9ater. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water frof9ic v/fj l0 /y4r/dov 0qkt,bm $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 100008eclz i8( s6:zxltr cyv.b(z g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (w;4sz,4-ikn sbz4 /w xq6 vivespecific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to c mg,5xpzy27hchange it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusiokd8jw g5qt0u s(at/-tn of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of ic5uw 8a-tq/tj skgt0d(e?

  How much heat energy is needed to cht0,z+ww7zyj:( peeqg0y3ajynxm t /, ange 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to bu,g /*jb3 ad;cid3pztn )w1twe removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Whdtw9a yuo2 v+4 rqfe0+en 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiall-p/:zy8b8jrvj)bn h ofa(ay )vw2x, ny at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water ak wxcqy7-8s 4yt $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy e y)n(65eh cz fpc/4oax3l3wtis needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required toil0qb424/d id capshf ,r:s w5 change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requ s/vphcxd6 :g5ired to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 0qt9/;9bgsqwg cigbr ,-o; gq kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 *zecs- 70bhilkcal*0-b li7cz she/kg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity o,qixh-fya t1 +ey gf28f concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twiceuxg/x 3xa335peu.u 28hzd zk l that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the ouz 3g5lhdkx 2uexx/z8 3a3pu.ther brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 a(jrknhf,96 8t2lf xcrnk0.i m by 1.5 m. If the outside temhfi 20rntx6jca,f.l(n k89k rperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.m0pglvna .v t()x2/jg5 m. If the outside tvpna20l.(jt vg)gm x/ emperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 h *p -7c4 t,ipqa9q,axzlwoqjjp+1:ph our through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete (j,- p*9 a xt+c4aq 7:jh,qipwppq ol1z$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,00 tajn;l6bu( r*0 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside tz +3z4 ,ftdhx d2c7s;l-dbrbremperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, 2rty-gbt 8bf/ the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a -b 2/f8gtyb rtsmall hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the humdvx tg+. ssv;)an body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection area02b3 vi: drj90kaayl x of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.