Which of the following is the smallest unit of sg0ttvwogw. f;,.w8a heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 -6wm5lveh0 figram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is r*boaphv.9 w r:4d qj8aeferred to ah4rpwoa:ab8dv . 9*j qs

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare t qil)s:f 7my0yhe temperature T an y0ls):fym 7qid the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gasq-d4+0 7r3zhrasothvw ,xc h0/o xr4 t depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compresu2/ t x87/vx 4ljewi;mvdbs p9sed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All jvs7iu24 ve x;/98pxl / dwbmtof this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internalxe+ zjn85vfsm(cn/ft(ih5 d8 energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vm w2i6rvei4iwi9n. x+hi7 q)yary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat c::nk(-v9ykm 4mr vciu /*m0cszq3pyu lu,6a japacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to ynr3 mvl604z* ,u (au vmspkmqucy:k/9 -:icjeach. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of au odlhz 5d82m6 hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than6d hzumo d5l82 double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the soli ei1sm0eip*z-1ze v zo:2+ h qjsz(n*td to the liquid state is referred 1j pt+ i-inz2zezzh*eq(* :msvs0 o1eto as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor sz4 ;jt e5lftu+y3 .htvtate is referred to as thethjy .3t+u vztel;5 f4

  If heat is added to a pure 9gy/ti3 cd7ro substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes5*uyw 3--n u)szhw rtg

  When a liquid evaporate5+ 4p-ihw puwqs

  When a vapor condenseqjvj7g3 xz g/d,a af61*cjpkz/9tp 9is

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenskbm-42r86vbhai x xw0(n m2ed es into water droplets which get bigger and bigger unt04bde2a hrnx6 m v8x2wk-i(mbil it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan ofju- zg* 1ziu-f boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water athsf) 6b 4. avh8troc.l $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flo2sy h h s5bea97jdk1h*:4khinyrxe6 ,ws by means of molecular collisions is referred to ashhr* dky5 kjaeinbh,e2s 7:y4 x6h19 s

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron ba cmkwouu3 +gq d+3h33mr become hot when the other end is qwudc+omu h 3+ km33g3placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the tou*ka3d:) ff)wy pt mp-wj9hc6(ey4oo wch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the -afm wywfwec *)oy3o9:6jd p( k4 h)ptfollowing physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wat)e xpxc6sasqp7tpo.7 3; bw xu71w; gll built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature differe.w x q)c;67ptx1 swoxgtp3apb7se 7;unce across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer q: /;4r(cs+crkas75/gt jzqek )l fsyof another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers hav(zy5c tfae74;c/g)k:sqlsrsj kr/ + qe equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from ldfqj6.xi ffh(1ab;s: i v)8vone place to another issvif 6af1f:;q i).dhxl(v8 b j referred to as

  By what primary heat trq,*mbfzqln sb:gev);0ge 0p ; ansfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurc .i6wb;fsu 0kspi* md7 4e2zl

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to /3ggqc njf2lj6 s-3id//xdivhumans in maintaining suitable body tempv ///dsgcx 2n6 jg3f-qidjli3erature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gravity+9.an(0wx- *v 5gaexg zswi py is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this0.eiw5 sngy-va xa (z*w9+gx p heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from thqi o)x81 gd -4juz kp:+njwix9e same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperaturik8 )wijq 4n z:g x9+u1-xjpdoe on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperpmb(g;3ya, ibcjwo z;t , *x2qature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating pq x wcyt,,gb;2zm*;j ao3i( pbower change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence a+z v a;q0:m -lgqs7dlof any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism doee4)7um+yvuq fs the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent /jp.t ov+l1 ;aaf:.rz4xfekmto how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to pxs1iw)zj-s 7how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise 96 d6v ewh+a u2q8-nx a i)vzyjq:z+dpthe temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is thdynt*bf hk294 emhz krg9d15pgc:t/:s 7znu0e resulting temperature ch * dn04bze:pm z51k g7 rngtks/t9dyf9cu:h2hange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is orifrwf 1x807dy t u3l;ugginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature(d ju,mjs;8bp of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by addisoi-o7 sid: zb 1c rtx5;z3c. c8n7mvung 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 6o 6; /i 7)e jf-y6zoygke8rdlnvt j0g; ysx6c0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to eogz6j i);cly6fds ojxe6tv y/ 076n ;r kg-y8the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated to 3ns3c-r) cae o$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, i ys mqsxrqr3id 03o ,2.6rsk/wnitially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material al4y g*w8 gqj0kktm:;tt $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated from it3sljf il y n5y7g*eb71s surroundings. One object has an initial tempee37y 5by 1jf7lsi*lgnrature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attepr ;jrk52v3wf mpted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect fo53r vw2;rp fkjr a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming thalo:2fs7fb; vct all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the w;l:b o7f scv2fater rise?

  A 200-L electric water hf) oglgi:k8u 5j 55ql yqcrl.(eater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank from lql)igf8( q5c k l:55guy .jor$23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How lxg;r98w/e7 levs 4zu wong will it take to heat 20 kg of water from 9sl4uegrx/zew;78 vw $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (massh2 r;p xh1xn)qva :q.d 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific hehp3slq.ig9t a /: mspmbsf ;1:n)/lvm at = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed geg b2 +9s6tkgha0k 8jfrom steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. Howwjhuo7z-5km u2a 0 kf3 iuf6oahgl+.0 much heat is required to melt 200 g o w j-f6.5l0ugaz+o2 ak hkoimh70 uuf3f ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to chan;r yk yqya70o3mvh:hr2(lavg*)iq*age 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs tofgfrk vmd; b8ow7;o 21 be removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kw *(k .sfqo6pymy k+)fcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water i c7*ddf,qq 6sk3, )infmgg;(hlh p y8ed1q6qk nitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water aw zvncc6c74nso2 4u*-tn+ e iit $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy i1y:9mdqhi tmvc / +i9es needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one grobp n 97,tsnn) :u:ceyam of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to chauv5 l mqf fun+klf/80j+uf05b nge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by h.g 48 lzp 27,dvjn uf)p jeucpt;e+.ke p:m6xadding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of ,tslc 7bd9f,hxx,r 2 avaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its b c2h, ad9,7,xltxrfs melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductiv u(14e.wl 8tfvkgrd2fvplx*.ity of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Twoe i2iq0(ei(ncib -4m torw8v- jk6-c f rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent4i-wt8ikeo6mef b cic2nq((irvj- 0- thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5pevyqr. 0bjc0-c(vjqb k- 24- nzd0xx m. If the outside temperature irx(0cp4 jxjq0bb2evzknq-v d.cy -0-s $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1c:dpai 60g6qnyj+ msy8eo y::.5 m. If the outside temperature 0y:pq: iec6ys6o ngy:d a+8m jis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of coe 5en6+s6 fo qxqqnc06ncrete (+0 cqfs6n6eqx eonq65$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1nkhaa4n, w yd7wvd5n3+ap*l, ,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 k/ io 9rjz*ujd0gukltj/ /f6d-cal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature iw m mj80)w(zdqs monitored by measuring the rawzm 0dj mw)(q8diant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiaz u:c5 0l/r3xjr5z lwsting energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collectiony kl,my9*;;1xves nw z area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.