Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat enem4c 4zaic tju +1qko(2rgy?

  The amount of heat necessa xbgi4(rvm) ap 10rj:jry to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the aver4d c.e7e)36m;nbemq n fvxa.mage kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to ecbe6 qe3am).d.xn 7 f;m4vnmas

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool ofvrzj)x o6 u0y6 water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and th6v0j z 6ryo)xue swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depends o mc6 ch/9;o7 8 zvk/j,ejyccqbn

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until +1pb4tzy+3pxv-aw co its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal z 4vcxo+pb1 3pt-wya +energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energ.1kh5o0 zkm6gh4uf gx y U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do n(b, 6dz vdi(rsot vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher aas/8iti4r.1e vx+ vg(/qp ilspecific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement qi+4 agap// rxtsv (ivie8l1.is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of u/t(paku6q,5 02 8rq sqwtguc aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain oq 2wu8,ut0cqup a(rs6k gt5q/r loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the)mn9)*ca o6 fhv5n9c,c loldh solid to the liquid state is referred to as thaod v )f9o 9lmn6c5)ln,*c chhe

  The heat required to change a substance fromd .+i-*o)pybxv kp3 if the liquid to the vapor state is refer)f pixodvb+y.- i*p3kred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at4v c1se0 .fixx a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesh6x q-xpu1 fjsf-rn mz1 1kt,)

  When a liquid evaporates6j8g nz z27hlgojcks h/i b1zk1. a67e

  When a vapor condenss s398y1a- lysoym:bfes

  In a cloud formation, water / 44bp ojoo3gcvapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the tempe4 /ocpobo g43jrature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water w872 kg,c8ya; ypk xnucauses

  Equal masses of water at 6wc5ln-j:t,; 6xa1 alzd pxxt$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred o qey1 t 0r:4r,s+enfxto asfrq10s+e4nt ox:ey,r

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism (kiivgq)n n.+does one end of an iron bar become hot when the othe.gq+ni )(iv knr end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch fsmys37x m+;j(bh7t z than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the 7 js(m3bm;xsfh7ty+z following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall buillqpioc m ,oa,cjzzj9qu)/q)ayj +/4 /t from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difaa/m l/ ,yzjo oiq9c))uj4j,+ /q pcqzference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed dhj4hj u20dt ) 53qdtmon a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equaltq) 45 td0mj j3hdd2uh thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules fro:9go5e6 * pk em/adrbpm one place to another is ref 5po6k9/e meb:p gdr*aerred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism iscow8zw9g i23 t a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur(k1 eb ,/ayu25lol enn

  Which of the following best explains why swiz ( 5l1y;qaghbu7s-s z0iw t-eating is important to humans in maintaining suitable bodygq s 05tizu;a1- bil7sh(zy- w temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleh1.1z*sqk6dk mvex5x piho 40ration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cxz 1s5 h1vd4moqk*h0e x i6.pkabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built fm uep2b ce1)s2rom the same materials. One of the houms b2ee2 p)cu1ses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator5nma4v ,n n*dz is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power cnzv*4a,m n5dn hange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of an0w och+s,mt;ws+b)h*rp4ob pvd r-c:y medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does thv2q ikk)8uowt1,zf2b e Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to hoefnj9d: p7bk- w much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalj:lk5:u*nny6g jjzs63k tf rmb. h02tent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is neelk +9b(0e0ln2o pursj ded to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is *9jydr 5421rn rp gwa2fyx1 tqthe resulting temperature c d4yy r1f915*trr2pj2 nwax gqhange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum blo gwmqej: h2(0p/ 0exoick is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of material nfqk ofn1 y:92by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L v,,f mq8kkk4 6uf7rie dj8dh-of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0 ;3t+u6 i h-na0p5dh my-zqezk.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gu5k+;yh-n azpi3qt e d6-hz0 mear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heate;)tu l e5m ) i7ng30x t7nufb* thk+lxc9rk9ged to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially a;bmrx9: 1,ki5(fvsedsbf(c at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material de;zh o8pfsy2328e b,pf; mk4mkp. s fat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isol;te4 ,gda,iniated from its surroundings. One objedtn;,,eia i 4gct has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempt+dm vi js/ pgv:yj:m-)ed to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for av/jm yspv:m )i:+gj-d waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. 5agbv,1xp. jeAssuming that all the gravitational energy .1bxg, 5jeavpis converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would e z(t0a -p)v/6nrogsoit take to heat wre-z tsovno (g)p/60aater in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used ;52 5pk .k ugau+ryxvtto heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of waterry2k ukt;+x v55p.gua from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (h r5kxrxgw 574mass 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knifel1oc7b)z b q v(:iqh+d8 wgxf1 blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be remvh;: shuq; 8-p-jnss doved from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How mil 6epy86.jz9vga9e uuch heat is required to melt 200 g of 6ajip.968 zyelguve9 ice?

  How much heat energy isr)x yzb 5si01oxz9g -kio7-tm needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs tr2g: v3m 2ie-dg)nkov o be removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of 8ph a)l*4)y dy d(oucqice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water yu jjxn3 ;y4):0zlyjvinitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atm 6b)f.6ocuhzw7as t* $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed /)qr6yx vs-iitv hq-(m5z vsrr/; q6ato change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gr j8avyw1+ 3xcpam of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 1)kzsxz vx- 5;b00 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hotxn3fe 9s u,s1r tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporizationbbmd4 g 2z thpt1lk5+/ is 207 kcal/kg, and /2t mdl5+b4khb1pg z tits melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete ino;x+qm qlk*4:na6 z w;t)ylps $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (o8et + u;xm-n x. f)fd3ey- osjiy1/uhtne aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The ro uixe omy-/+un 1)3 yd;fthfj-tx.8 seds are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has difoz wxf 1w6ciz9/*6j)d :x-cddap qs 1mensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tempero:dcxj 9 / wp z1xffi 6dsdz-a)61*wcqature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If icmm)k e3/t8 othe outside temperaturo8m /)em ikct3e is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through ahf)pd fz4 iyj;,/ 384m3h6gnucq onnc 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete fmgf3,dnocu n/q 446; n )cpj3yhzh8i($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,00m 14b qch*tgmx/,2yyp0 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat i5r1m c)sh2g;+ toar i fqy+g4bs lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining st5+qk3lnu8p -fd s+nc feel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power lc3f n +-fusp5dn+q8kemitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy w nl(9q5fc;x q75iqa yahen it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective colle6e/s5+ofr odauq54y h ction area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.