Which of the following is the smalles 1jdtfosc197*ju -nzsw 4y 7qzt unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature ofwxsv9z( +;:bu6 pcv it 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is re o-2 xzt3tle0cferred to zc t-3x2otle0 as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming poolp s 2bu:/g+6sw,;vxyz(zl3 bz epunl, of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup anduzpx, z6 lspew;uv b3 g+:l ny2(s,z/b the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of *: ft6g/ msl3p vk2krq nlm.0hy.h t5kan ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first com(6m v81likhv-)w klnwpressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas i kh)vik- 8wwm6 lv(l1ns U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energyv/-gif /dbb3c U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastimmwlcc*,l*c b t 8mebx ,iy5 6.(k3fmically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher9ch5 z/p.5hxd3kvbje specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and irhcxb5 9ej 5./3zdp khvon that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot pigqb;io9e3zu/ a v u53fece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object/gua5i e ozfqvb9u;33 experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid st/jsubfj 9f (u56 8txt. ifso9eate is refersi/e.89 b9 fuoj tf f(stu56xjred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor lq hiyyn6) fox993yf) state is referre f99yxq)fl)yh6 no i3yd to as the

  If heat is added to a wvx)y vei7; h9pyz* 0ypure substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze8f0 k. l1s+p,g1xhswv ah0ykq(2 yzcms

  When a liquid evaporadu nthtbf7b:l19io z(6( nu/k tes

  When a vapor condens zae8;ubck);z45aics 12 rr wqes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condehfs0u5uivju e6i c;z.03 bbtyy6.c- bnses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the aic6.z b- u c5v.3i06uuisy fjbht;ybe 0r in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water caush352dwgn 5p, e 5),r koxlei2qsgy+jp es

  Equal masses of water at gnq:iuh0soz:5 5+ih y $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molennsuor kxha s ;9y89+,cular collisions is referred to as ,ouhy snnk+98a9xr ;s

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one: 7il epaye*zh u03yy; end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed yize7pl 3;0ye :hyu*ain a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much coldwr0vprs ( nv(-er to the touch than a piece of wood. This isrn(vpw-0s (vr due to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of nr-hi0:v+7 qtg s 1t*z;uos qma wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of he 7tqqg vi:st0*;+uromn1 zs-hat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on :13;xbud axl35ta nat 1q a4bla layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the cb 4t; tqdal5 ba1n3a:13axux lomposite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from wg 3j43 oyqaw67ajo7f one place to another 363qya4 aojow7 j fgw7is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water he)3f jih-1a8r t25sc/ ip czwpsated on a stove?

  Convection can occur6w: f.hwr6 fg-kkfz6j

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important z-xk/hy9- 3. mhlmi8 ;qaxzmtto humans in maintaining suitable body temperatur -hz.m ikq ;xa9mz-l3m/xt8hye?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environmeibks + l5t/vy b1gqf 0(/ojfkm-9dt)j nt where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents(v 1 b/+/jk t0fi-k dofg9yqmsb ltj)5 caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular housesy ua ;y4*0ay agx/fhz4 built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same ig0 aayf4/; ah*yxz4yunside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doyls +8k9 yqyo4ubled, by what factor does the radi+9y q8ksl4yyo ating power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in t.ve njkf 0)+1nq9xmuxb-to( 0 a qqsb7he absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer meck8:wfp;e:i o wl n3(2zfljx-xhanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to h-,v b7yvb s y 3q,d;ujc0wc0uf9 m)dnqow much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much wort1m 4d*ut5jnm 0fpw5dk?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is neededxjl ma p1 gjmihoi,.+6; vsj/, to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, dti rb)r.c.qlf 82qj7 what is the resulting temperature changed . lrf28.7rbtij)qq c?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originfryg+t09 .xwbf4rw+) y dvbp2ally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raii a, v 77fvvnznjm08y1ses the temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by ii(1lo ginw-7 adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of n*9g10 yizpfj:cxm 3bat emtq -702pciron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if y ca0m2 c-z 1f90mt 3qxtb*n:je7pgpi the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated tj r:isfs q;pgv6/9i. ro $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initie8w)u+ cg: q.y3pt t00 oqazyrally at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at (whsha hqmp 8y +hz.o*:l b4r9$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects ma3dzgm/gcgw3 ; tp8h ,1(zmfykke up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object ha1,g ctk/3 wgdh83(mfz mzgy; ps an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships bet +p l;mtlm-t j5euj),pween various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vp;l-)5jj+epumtt ml, ertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a xi ;md pa+z3ux+ y2w8sdistance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thxudy s; wx3pz8++a2 miermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water hemj7i23239gmemlnjnx5 pxx 1pater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water ipgxi j 2xmnp3 nmj2ml1ex53 79n this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How longbt57 vrj18y o ikto)4+6l0*t wdwtnyv will it take to heat 20 kg of water fromnvtw )vwo4 iyb06or5d +y* t1 ktjl8t7 $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1+j dm huz;tc/0 hjr7)o000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (sp e5g 08v5pv-yr dp5olwecific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to *f(0-zxcjmv j liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion ot 03myxnv8q83c*br xmf 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to meltbx 8 crx 38nmqtm*3y0v 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed tpkqhv/2+d 0 l+sym kuwvfb5.-o change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed frolk3qk9v m*t.lpo w/y;7h* ba57v qnx lm 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion op u4bbc+fh/ i6f ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initt hi :4)d)zx lhv 8dmxd;)3vbqially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water as pmr wwi(ea7l.de265j1c e:ft $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of water at(o cibmi h t0;4 b5x0,y+f e+he1owswj $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gra(klwxzw-5k;v(pdm n5 l osf+ 9m of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to chanl)1,p wk)ydb oge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 mrl hxb/h )g9(kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vapxggl59 ax,sj,lt : v6norization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting point i5 x6xgljsv: tng,9 la,s $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity /k vtff9 qcfe 51:tx5zof concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum mampe o/9ddi3si9s, vqyq 65/ is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths mvqs/oe95dq,i6/ mai9ds 3py and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-p6qn vc4+og *d1gs+)uzg m(xscm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature q* zgd(g46ns +c g u+1mo)vpxsis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick 9ik.t-(ngj)0.t wqqaer 3 vushas dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature i.jvq0 )3nt w ra.g(kuiest-9qs $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hk0y7) j4drk:w +pwgphour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete ph+r) dw py47g kj0k:w($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat quf/t m enf* duv5,f*:through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside tempera,. eh v9vzz og-(vh;te mh7(nhos8/neture if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steer*.h,yh0/ (hrds p af;iu)n/lyx er tm1 )pb6kl, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hol6rru*shppf)0i ax ; lm.ey ,bhr(y /t1)n/hkde of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy iz5gwl; n1j( bm/ ub9vd(db,dwhen it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar c+vh0x;iw qvjp3h )/ rrollector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.