Which of the following is the lg:wnm5g -g,z mu ,)xtsmallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of wat 31v1 akrl*pduer by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic :io cyf7 *ado)a9j*wxenergy of individual molecules is referred toj*aw * f9xo:io y7dc)a as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimminl44. h u81ikepiy*hkzg pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimmingzuyhi*p k.414ikh8l e pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depends7gruoeowev ; w2,bn 9/1vk4pz on

  An ideal gas at STP is first ogico,h m4x ((+kr4iycompressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is h cg(,y i4xmro+k4( iodone while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal l5lcxj19h zqnz6vs5 7 energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary oots ffxga;z7apv+6 ; gq4al), f:cx 2n1dj *ndrastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat n cnz ilo9a/*1capacity than iron. Now, consider eqzon9n l/i c1a*ual masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a c m/3z fy8uc1fs)i4 mtsold piece of copper; the aluminum and the coums f /)ic4z13m 8ytsfpper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid state is -m)v y., clvda 7*c6aa4aphgf ref6dlm)* c-4aa7ayg vh, .vpcfaerred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vaporbr x6e.2o:us :c,czrn state is referres o unr,cc:.e:xr6b2 zd to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a slo17vtr nl86 dteady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezerfc-h *:-md kfs

  When a liquid evaporau nn4-l ujx5j:x3lnn- tes

  When a vapor condensepe+figfq;47p x /mwz :s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger ., 4tca1 rsfd4m1ehna and bigger until it rains. 4c1tanra1 ,dfm4hes . This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water ch,a,aho2 id-prv. 8oe auses

  Equal masses of wateqx ely xbk1c5:8y8cl7 r at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecufzv80joywpao,( 4 ndkv3 bn*)lar collisions is referred to a n)3bo(vv8anfjd0, pz yw*o 4ks

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism doet1*i6 (,ufjylh lcs 5ezy.k 6zs one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame?ij kc efy5 ulth1(*,z6y sz6.l

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch tsl(7jq )b t5pyb7-n lp0.ln idhan a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical propiqj pt7ll bdnls .bn5(7 0)y-perty?

  If you double the thickn+9l m xlj5-cvyess of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperat5 xvlcm-jl9+yure difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating max .ummztuc*sh4ka+ 02terial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another matammz0. ux* k +ct4uh2serial of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules fros(1j hzow;dgzq 259ewk o( w4um one place to anoth ogksz(;w hdj(e o15294qwuz wer is referred to as

  By what primary heat tranggxe xjh99 c36sfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurcgz0g(*(/ 61strq.yy ao whvj

  Which of the following best explains m k(jnnun:t9 5rb*z2 gwhy sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable body temper5g *9 z:nbut(k2nnmrj ature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of wni/)dps k m kk95/(qngravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by thskn 59iwm/qp)n k/d(kis heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular- b+niol1wj ttq2w0a5 houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the oth wt5o q+2bntil-01wja er. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is dou hhmmu(b8krya*ne .2j7y 5(k6fnfjck 5( d1 aibled, by what factor does the radiating po (fy* 8m6emnh5bk7kun2(aa y1 c(irk d5.jfjhwer change?

  The process whereby heat flowsu6q k ud.gy-p3 in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun warm theo3f+6k d6qkhk Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how mrj 8- lbwri e7sl)sz.+uch heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much wor*vdw7r 3jv1q-np v b)rk?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ah d1puxwyeqzu6y2 e)2k a 1(4lw-( sw($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is adr2x-pdkd9s:s ded to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature change?-dxks9spdr2:

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block 6idwh ad 0/8uyoze x;;e,r /tuis originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises cr9 y3;mrf vk;the temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath sm(icobni;+dmb7. :f water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of 1:gz j 1 8h/k7h9 -o9)lxqoxifntock eiron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the geajz xo9gh9i-11qtkn ok/f cxe :8)7olhr if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metalewdz0qr-;gi ow. 9h0 t is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially atc.xz upjxm 28*a23fdr $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at 9a t4byviy4c:$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally iso6su gk:-um w03;2uwmu/ixi gtlated from its surroundings. One object has an initik 2u 36:su/ wx-ummgtwig;u0 ial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships between var2l ,u/q6d 5ug7p- bt;ememlaaious forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What /ma7t g-;ld56qe2 m,ebupualmaximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming t)w8fu.sa y-emny o ;6chat all the gravitational energy is converted to8) wuc yon;.em sa6-fy thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses a+ cvc .g/6hkiqijj-siw,6:x 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tankj:, ws-/viix+q.6 agki chcj 6 from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used 9 ssv*yj2ys p+to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of wateypsvsjy* 92+s r from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 c7x8gqk3rm .- ihlwg -bsl-v/d*hl1 ng, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specitav (*chl6 zsvki46vx23te g (fic heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change dg-d pquudf+s):;b1 k it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is require 5kvu1. el9bted to melte9bt. 1 ul5ekv 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ic lcf2ul (w)wk*e at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to bey5ylak 99 e 9vcm5ze.*;dgkrf removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of icey*l 4;yk:gr sp at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water inivyzp33,n ba/pj50c pt 1 ( skrn.sfrk7tially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at v ;(enu*ot)nf/ rg t( e5-, +biwrlmpw$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of water a7o:0qt sp.fbu4(xk9 de. rmat t $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one d6h3u k uuda*5z7 :l)mzaw kh7gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to cha37,f c+cf/sya d4ccdmnge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initiall+ran6th es67 ly at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vapo 7j+c2e5/ia c bpavumrvq /0r/rization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting point is rim072ca pj5+c/ ba/q/ur vv e$328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrf. it p4e9i:xmete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods . z+s.rphe jm:(one aluminum and the other brass) are joine.mhsr .zej p+:d together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m blulu*b(s- nu* k s.md 3*b(mrmy 1.5 m. If the outside t m*bmb nsu*lr*-u.3l uk(msd (emperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by d36hklm r*(ls hno9a-1.5 m. If the outside temperature r9 hs a3m(l-6nhod*lkis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concr( b17(uj wfxji6oz)p kete kw(bi1 x jp7z (oufj)6($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal j keh9++k-ag;f6wmk 0m , eompof heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of. jz2 bz iugjq,;r6x7n heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for re20g5 49u pl ci di(ggqafds8:kfining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole5i2:g9d0kgq f 8i dsca (ulg4p of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating e(pi,o u 0 ms:*.kvct(f p/khbcnergy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection areay/9u uhmj-z(*o k(akb of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.