Which of the following ebasp: -ouh62is the smallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of tp q3*yae3qk3 water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of indivql))yolk7(ruhnrj0 n9c 7/ bxidual molecules is referred toux b 07nn)qr( rcyo 79hkjl)l/ as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compares+s4h c;g r87 9,mb z/shstubb the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimmrb 7,b h;cs u8 z9gb4h+/mstssing pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas dependsy-azg6w pvkqz-7+z s4kw( jx8 on

  An ideal gas at STP is first 4sgq ldf 8k1j3dpl/4k bjv,j;compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the 4 ;q8jj / ,341k sjdvbgpkldflgas will be

  An ideal gas with intu 5xj1u+wmv s/ernal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatur -xn3to 41wl;)mmegi c3gck4 jes do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity t6cc7tckjwtb/*w w81q; wxs /dhan iron. Now, consider equqbskx1cw tj6wcw dt/ /w7 *c8;al masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a colde+i1f 2f,pniy piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more thany, 2fii1nep+f double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid state ish0jy3;c; wsl d referred to as th0d yjl;w sch3;e

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to thpsca*yw/x-+4,byr8 yuz /ba ds1,toss -k(phe vapor state is referred to as tha/c4pyr/kh-- o bb*a xz,p1+,sswys(d 8syu te

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steady rat* ccywcy()/; ix/h z;1pzan lip7 ugx6e,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze/rf*n+z 5akc as

  When a liquid evaporata e+(6pxdvit 7h4kl d7es

  When a vapor condenseld0r;6 k(el zss

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which gmp )00eqvb/s vet bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause thes0v)qm0e b/ vp temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling water cause/y )b-s)wj f et;gqk87 lfb3t:kq ak7zs

  Equal masses of water +lser,i xbz-- at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby hypwr5g4vz gegx7f :o4w88(ceeat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to awr48gv y w5gzx: cf(g8oe7p e4s

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot :c1lf v6o/j otwhen the other end is1 f jootv/l:c6 placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder t5gshgz8)x h n3o the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physicah3z)gnhg s85xl property?

  If you double the thickness 1m aqo5m/iz olp-6yq/of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across th 5lqip1my/6ma-zo /oq e thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivia2 akt ,fcawo; 6ckiv (bg2/j)ty K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the efowc2c;f(/ga)2 bj, ia v6atkk fective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby hw bgfipv,1+9beat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to anotbb9+wfi pg1 v,her is referred to as

  By what primary heat tra9hu.m/ek (x) w 6ewjlk/is+mvnsfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur-3xdfp zr 3 +,paf/kdq

  Which of the following best e92 cijbo*vm.txplains why sweating is important to humans in maintaining suo2bv*c. tm9 jiitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an envz *h 6u0fy1r 5fmcgj/wironment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents cuz6yj/m *hfw fc1r50 gaused by this heating?

  Consider two neighbor g9z6f,kqn vfcx-6vs9uv5/uss* mbg8r 9rc:u ing rectangular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat suppugb mk:9fufv/ 9zsx6*-v6cs5 cu9 sn8,rv rqglied at

  If the absolute temperature of a wsizihsovqf 54z,x:9 j(+ y9dradiator is doubled, by what factor does the radia: x9 sso4 iq(,fy5jdvz9w i+hzting power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absen.3vzj qud 2uqw muk0t7a):jw-ce of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechany3 hn2ykhwt1 *wa* kf ;),gtze.v0dlsism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivas4 x ;7a0rosgalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat istwzlgq6jq8((i4k o5 u equivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise thegk*p4l on:q85w,on* 3 vesvri temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg f(g 5baqfg*r zd2kry()djdcs.f k-/ 7 of water, what is the resulting temperature chakf /df dbrz 5frkg *-.y)7(csgj2adq(nge?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum blocktu7 6 -acdm6*grgrq* f is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature )4y/p .fosww:p*xphbk* *ln k of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water atcj,c x/psmi3*4uy1u w $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg osju:7 2;xv5p c5uvs7 jgrvid3 /adl-mf copper. How much heat is added to the gear id:7 5- msp g75r; v d2vsuc3uv/lxjjaif the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metafz;;gpts 5l:j a,);g7g jrr idl is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, init ,ufh/ p5 smtuj8r2b7x0mk5z lially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at8q. 9 k1e80cyyoaalrt;wx2xv $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make9*auhpq435sgd u4(ll m k-jpd 9 md0tdapr.m) up a system that is thermally isolated from its surrr)k d(d 53m9 .pa p0mmtajhp 4ddglqu4-*ls 9uoundings. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explgkq men27 5ry8xoui0/ore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperaturgxku o28 re0 ni7y5/mqe rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance oflj er2- 7+qpwsd ze- z01xgl-w 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature de dsex zqp7 r+l2w--1 ljzw-g0oes the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no hea -ja ykhp qeq::9in:8xt loss, how long would it take to heat waki:yp-:qje xn:9aqh 8ter in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg x orv6mn;h 1ml6t2g8i of water from 6 18m n gitrxoh2mlv6;$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1y n47kowxp. (r t7jt8w000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific he *ypf soloj.7oo5p gf*)e v5+92lysxbat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steamxv,9z+6exn: dw e;, vdpq9agt to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. Hby;wk q38dm5q 17mwezow much heat is required to melt 200 g of iceqm7 wqmyb8 1dw3k5ze; ?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kgc7qb,b-g d-ug0e ;uql bi8w a2w- qs3g of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be rkmzvz0l7s( 3j emoved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg q 0lej+n :jq,9ntumu(. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water init-/ u8pl +cgemmxx,l.sially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at t.wl a9c7l0w w ls9vk/h9g4hc $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of wate k -1jr )6qjiho*n-b8zl1yg t b35zwbbr at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is requi3r,ekrx4)b1jg:jw kji,q n0pred to change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g o) :hc;s*n/bple1 hjhhf $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice te4.cij)kc)oydeh/w 5 m;x nda3a by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat ofk.utc:b96 dabf kb ud5: e*o8s vaporization is 207 kcal/kg,: uku9*fs6 8b eb: kdta.odcb5 and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concr r0mamr32 (s s*;fcpisete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twy.i(no)ez c6ej 60wxbice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. To(0eib ywc6 6jnx .e)zhe free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dipui7 uymma,vl uw0d)g f39 56ul9vym2 mensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tempd)l lf gv 2v7u3 5my9muuuw,0p9a m6iyerature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick ). phv,qne7l 6p *,doxgm ljj8has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temnl8od6*p,j pqxv7.h,e m)gl j perature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of connd tl 8mqop 6uug 999h6lcbp;-crete 96 p6dmut8 -hl9ol9nbup qc; g($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to tranq 8;to)3xmiysw/t; g vsfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lostu,*ox a ) 0oc.0q;0r ztuafpkh through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature )l0xhu)9oigg/a +k yv is monitored by measuring the radian0/ux)goy+ h vlig)ka 9t power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when it is ato tif:-k6 h2r52g. ix f7kkbye $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection aro46hm;wxeu 7kvanqk2/zu 7 d9 ea of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.