Which of the following is the smallest unit w-k0 9 y4alt3q08mmhrp 9hnmlof heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temper a)tlq cgy5hny+i98y06n 6e hg4b c/hzature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinm dq/3tm19- zoptnj9setic energy of individual molecules is referred to a9 mo-zm dq/3nt19p tsjs

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the tempera)lk wvh6nd/,0o3eevqture T and the internal energy U of the water, in bolek) o06 /hw ve,3nvqdth the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas6o biyc1.*bg;t vexv2 depends on

  An ideal gas at STP wjjgjpe,mb604 0u: jmis first compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is ale ,0u0 bjg:6pj jjm4mwlowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal enex73ufcvva0g + rgy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatisa)unn;j+ auz w8(no725lkc k+.zebures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a hh2txsksx:jj b(35w+ ligher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is3j+w(shxl5 x j t:bk2s added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot kwu05 80 sep c5oa,kuzpiece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equil5a zo0p wus k50u8cke,ibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to t2:hmjvv k4brow(k3.j he liquid state is referre k3:hmw r(v42bvk. jojd to as the

  The heat required to chws0oon am v+ue,2a2cvjf:75 ) uaru6lange a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is referred t fe5l)j2uavan02 7cm +o:u 6wvo,asuro as the

  If heat is added to a pure substabq( pssb(l6tiv :pl+w k8 kg7+nce at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezescx8 barwgjf)me2 .og.8 zzz6+

  When a liquid evaporate t6ya :-jadtsxth,jt1 -s 24ihs

  When a vapor condenslxtfjq+r m)p, v;rb w(g n8qyr0t:f 0l:p)7y yes

  In a cloud formation, water vapo pix:, kj+5lflr condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bx:p,lj k ifl5+igger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under acx/l/ ;b6wa )w:eee gp pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water aiz4ssf9; odt+c7oc (mwa5aj4 t $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular coln (fhxlpj lw1tr )l/..lisions is referred to as/rl. wtp 1h)n. jfll(x

  By what primary heat transfer -. 4)lz6+mdza: i 8l 21nznk*nkcp goe q,cqqvmechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end zaq z) gq4 knq6cenli:ncpz k+m82.1d*-vol ,is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piecz ::zatrd 7u6ue of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the dt:u6r7 au:zz following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the*2ocps,az 9in b, hy1x ratsyz2ihpb1 c9n *oa x,,e of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a la1l+m3 ip0 qpnyv)wf6n m/; tdo;q 0yreyer of anothero f)0qt/w0d m ip ;1+ny emrnlvpy36;q material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of mokshakjwa:dovr,4wsw1 -u3 ) - lecules from one place tow ja1r4h-3kuwd-s:)s,v oa w k another is referred to as

  By what primary heat tran ;ex0zlzgyou4o7k v9va nt* 58sfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurf+ etkbt z:g m11bkb(ng *gf6(

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to ; sn, 0eokafm0z h p;sro7fm,:humans in maintaining sume 7fr,h zssf;oo p0,;n0:mkaitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gravity i+v 0o)lyun/5g z5qqx5tnrf h3s essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, whavyqqz5lgn 0ho)ft n +r53x/u5t is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses buildl6-4d9 aqjk 2m etw;jt from the same materials. One of the a wdjm2e964 k;dqt j-lhouses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of + tsgho 6 dvu,dped*byz(7;.ua radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating powe*uush6d.g,7+y doz dt ev bp;(r change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred 2f(prg7yg egqtn9 01h,v8kup to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism doe:e4 fay*go +)c+orfw: l3kewm s the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to howma x4 8ap7uycg0(8wi i much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to ;b kd(;a wq so3k:a7twib,ro* how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 5yrtzcqf/ hb1hx ;uq1 5o;3xw g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of wst)ag a d.vwx:ly+ 5e4ater, what is the resulting temperatur.dg) lte4y+aaxw5 v:se change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originq9is3lwre ;.aally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.5 -s1xokrg:p 8 y0hkglm *un3n0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up hnt;foeycxrp;+h b,f m3lz87: er bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of it8t : 4eqtmxp2ron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to thmt8 xttqpe4: 2e gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heate +vj23vajelu+d to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initi ckw v, )o1sy8eb.7zqmx2emx 9ally at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material aec :q0/ v/gtdat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up -t:rg1 lj0rln a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object h 0-1ln:rgjtrlas an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attr+uw15bl z po7xt6j*qokadv)m 2,s-e empted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had falltv75e 6l)m aokzsw,p1qx- dj ru2 *o+ben down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara bw3 ay+uj.n: yFalls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted.+: ywbuya 3nj to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric watt )uf pf-qvxm*lx)j 84er heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take lp4 -8uxftqmxf))jv* to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat 4.ea6tzr6 e7bi ivjv) water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water ti6vr.6a z47e)ji evb from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass h bfuvz-1crh82ecz(sj 66i8b 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specijm ucl::fv 5b:fic heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to liquia46xk8r 6iwp 9zdoy1td?

  Ice has a latent heat o. zft xp.u)f45-pxedc f fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of i ) .xe4pu5-cfxdz.fptce?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg my.,(5lvk0kxb)oaje4 iju s0a, ,r yr of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removeduzakh06oi*+wm -d ifcq-l*j8 from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 8d3obzsw2 03cx0 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiaok7pqs j7/4ajw 7f4 jwlly at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at pv). lpwf2*b p$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy il-:ywcz02xlh s needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change o.5gpag 6id2fy0 ffw/ 5wt3dm0 vj2xlu ne gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to chann9(cjk +jf8 tsx4rkj -ge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, i 8hv8b.u7ixjwvg: 3 qtnitially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporizationqm4; m:ue cf+gm r,ny1 is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting poin cmmy:ufre ;m1g4q,+ nt is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity ofgfn+todt4 9q) fy+kp( concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice thatmk ekg8kf l53( of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of k gklf53e m8k(equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0h3agp: ra ,0yeql /n 9 *dd:zvox( imo2qsn37b m by 1.5 m. If the outside temp d7engl(szr yp32 aqmoq:abid/ovh *90x:3n, erature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. c-yb8j k;;jn w p,u-qyIf the outside temperature is kcy8pjqjybw;n- -,u; $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1 a1+l9;k7 pny(fuh bk6oa9omy .0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete aky;7 l1p+bk96ho9a (myo unf($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal ofbm -ikkuxp0hhuvk;x3/8: *aq heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 40j// *4l8 l1 qradvf ,mbfde(.cyy ), w/gpvgfz00 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature isk7y h(9vaj donk:6 xmk vq*08s monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted thqkvms:djxk ynk 8a0h9*vo 7( 6rough a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiatigl8rw-ois6h9 ng energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective col c tvfqao8;f5(lection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.