Which of the following is the smallest unit of heaji5wp/);sucy 3cg ) zft energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to rain3hv1a o wetm-tv89v1 se the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules 6;ri0wo.xhw41ut3g hqoixx0 sz2+s zis referred to aw16so302wihx4x usrzt0 .;x + ogziqh s

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pnly+3 q- ;iqqim;d61djtdd yz r7 er40ool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swid 0-i 1r74dlmeqjdrq;;+d nq ytyz3i 6mming pool.

  The internal energy of an idealysx.yeh) /h/h gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half th36q 8 4)m x4yiafilxshe initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the i)4iasm63yh84 xq filx nitial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energ 6a,nw(c 5jywf pdx)7vy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastara c( kkq*4b3ically is that

  It is a well-known fact thaskw+ajbyn/9( t water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is add+y w(/a sbkj9ned to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum an hp:y7dtkawe52 fqmxk: (e,w0d a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in tx7(et:whmk kaq,e 2wpy0 d 5f:hermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a su)6w:ds z x adpyi-ak9d+-7rd dbstance from the solid to the liquid state is referred to as dk dwyd697 +-)xdsaz-:ipd rathe

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapo:7 q4eu.wsvc-g8 un wor state is reuw w74: ognsvqc-.u8eferred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a stea pzzr*2 qm/qg4j4 zhk0dy rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezec 3g9iqcd5gks xq r:e9 ys;/3-dn f-hos

  When a liquid evaporate+6jr; rdw;kzo s

  When a vapor condense.i-.jkw-ke9k d aau72wk /u dysqb,r- s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor conden ko2j0d)d y7j l3jbg5hses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in o kjy0)j2j3bhdg 75d lthe clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan o h.xyz4ar63c-3i8cc vb jsxe0f boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water at kw z+7 n3gho yd c3ixd+;jju)z9kl;x*$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by mely6qe 1 bau1g(ans of molecular collisions is referred to agy u61( 1ebaqls

  By what primary heat trvae+5;g 5rqgr)w4.b- gog /a2)kwzndt aqxn ) ansfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the oaqteggq/n xn2g -azrgo)w5wk.)4vd) 5+;b rather end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of 3i 3chxr6 *:rj r vut8rer7+howood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical rjcrret xr i8* +6hor7v:hu33property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a h7.ib- fzi (r/5 kekobfomogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference acrossiirof./k57 febzb-( k the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed o aif deqk(,(p/n a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layer(fpq e/ ia,(dks have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movemu- -jp1bu+xqr v:ra 0jent of molecules from one place to another is rjv-0b ajx-r uuqr :+p1eferred to as

  By what primary heat tq3 f1f-w;a g.+t+4 hzhif2iur mqszf;ransfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurmwc::9u*lfgd z p(aa4f a 9:dt

  Which of the following best explain. i9if:z 3kxobr*t0k0caqnk, s why sweating is important to humans in maintaining suita09.,0 zkkk:3 frnqa cxtoibi*ble body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gravity ixw *( wu5e b4 l(e,bybaksef0de:l,-xs essentially zero. As the air -wf e(x yle*ba w5sb4 duexl,e0 b(,k:on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular ho4tb3b 3qrs,t k ,o.uhsuses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the othehbb rsqt. ,4 ,os3tu3kr. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doublerj/c)des8j/wu a - +cn4.pdpwd, by what factor does the radiating +-cd/j nr/4 deppju .waw)s8cpower change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any ;zltb0vj 4j kb2)8vsimedium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism dc/j (k wu: xno;r.dow0oes the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equi kar6;a c p 1h:(6plb plmp*w+sj:vh)pvalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is :gj + als7i3d;yk 3tzmequivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is nee0+ m5wx7.r gzpk/4qlvaac aa5ded to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is y3dwt2 - rvx4nthe resulting temperature ch xdtvr4wn-y23ange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originally ao ij f;0*fawz5yz9 lq-g axq/0t $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises th3dnpq5kr p: ,ye temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by addkv):2kt+go fhxo(j+(a m 2dec ing 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat89b5ubum26 2w c,cj hrixc:nx is added to the gear if the tempexh2c:jncc9b 8buu6 i5,x2wmrrature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metavqa b5*n, ;gycl is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initial tz5qmr2zuzr:37-j w lly at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at-3yw*b *miv i6zp eo:f $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated fv; vwr53 euv*fnq r65brom its surroundings. One object has an initial temperature of vnf5r5 u3;vrbe*v6qw $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attemptegk 0guy +(v5myd to explore the relationships between various forms of(+y0 5 vkmugyg energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that al7e ns02(q)sm6ixo gb+gni3gd l the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does thbgnid i+sn)2qg x(7e sog6m30 e water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how *x jq2 go/j6bya 0s--iaga9fa long would it take to heat water in thisx ijgy qaa6f ob9/a2gsa-*0-j tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used n;ftdkhc6()7n tkeb /to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water froktk7/f6 n(bnhd;te )cm $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 5-h 1wzhfum4k1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (spen; x;s sz+jcm:cific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it g7zmvp de)mf9: e0j6g .q 6yokto liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat 3r +vh fi;nctnfk/ s 2rbd2f::of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt fkbr; :n h/ fdcv3t22:irfns+200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to c71 utqmrzff7sy9; (h ahange 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be remo4i4q udzmn;k ,c;1 j yhkd+lp;q3oa9 pved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcapwt 4(96v. ,swukzrr pl/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiall b.5awacmf-q5s3o0nxl p *ac (y at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at vyd3:1 7 7wznxx 1tisj$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy i1:n btrsk83r 3/hxm:m5kcptg s needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is reqi :/xx sq4kovz0jr:-u uired to change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requireonk xv+kv tc2mtr,)j,-qt1+ yd to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, ini-sslum0r, wz1x mc 2l.tially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is6i v yie *x3o8l3:ktpa 207 kcal/kg, and its melting *3x6p ki o3vely8 tia:point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivizfl(xfd r: b( vp;2w7.4plqt yty of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that kf/:ji kc3jmo.c,:c f of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The f jji:c:.k/c,mcko ff3 ree end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3pf/gl,6r x rmum umg97q0 ;g:v.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temprx0vgmq mu ,u97l:;/g6gm frperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. 9sl(8fb tm 0z hp,u8uo If the outside temperatuu z(u9p8ft bmo08ls h,re is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concr.r 8s uottajjf+ls 4sso+ 514bete trlt5+obj 4a1ss4 + jsf.os8u($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it takx*d1mcuck g ob9cr 541e to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through(3ptqkuvnvm4 g5 8k 8(,cb/e5yf.byls syff: a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace uyez-96hfyx1r6,7g+ v*id z xhy:pa ip sed for refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a sxg7yf*z6,:z1 9 +6 vrpayepidhyihx- mall hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the huk o jh//raow fy ub.l83pp*5psw/-u,fman body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection dgsf r4 ts5*f--4auk(nhg oo. fnv1-w area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.