Which of the following is the smalles,v8n mhb+(wt ah37dz vt unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of watf y6 xea5(p7.q)vift hm/pb5aer by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is rxx i44-l 6vrmnpc /o)seferred to a4-or p4c)xl nm6 vsi/xs

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare tcioqqs9bqi 2f a428prn)j+8s he temperature T and the internal energc22o+js qqafr9 )8sibp8in q4y U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an 9yu gx 9j2vriwqua--*ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volumeg;4*dynnz+xffjnb8h8j uk . 2 is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is doyxdznb kh+gu8n8n* 2ffjj.;4 ne while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U at wu- o9r ic0/hvf*z+mb$200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically k3qy tdwu/zh( .*hj9 wis that

  It is a well-known fact that watebosd ,p;sb12i r has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 s;2od,bsi1pb calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a ha9h aw/d(/qzge5 j,h6xm.o bpot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of hxm/.(a 6ahj5p/goq9,hd bzwe eat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the sot,2 o6 jj4 fiyr2n8tiolid to the liquid state is referred to as th 2o2, ft4rin68j jityoe

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state qb..s 6 gi qs-m-j /tyuep+o.his refeyseoq+gusm j6qb p-- ..t h./irred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a stekhnfr96 as+xj:qj xx u ,.n,2bady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezed/b5) f ez00idtsiqc7s

  When a liquid evaporate0itum z0+ bye9s

  When a vapor condensesz3 c dd;xm3snw),1en w

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condx1k hvgjiq+-7g9mr;bdh*- fbenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger unti*mrxg9;f -1hdqb 7 b+i vhj-gkl it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of b h(ej 3jggqk +33avz;noiling water causes

  Equal masses of water at z wks l/dol/yl.r -,3w$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by mre)8zogr9b j *tl19 cpeans of molecular collisions is referred to as*r8o te9 lprcz1g)9bj

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does onqqtns ;r/nk n2c6/9 y6tlk8nre end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flnkqt ry k s8qtl6nnr2// n6;9came?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal j1ngb w4ul0p pqj-)1 a kwj2fwf2( i;pfeels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical property(1l42wjfkpwpfnjja-0 )qi ;b2 uw p 1g?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, thewxkka9m 4:zjl:8/n b 66qp xrh rate of heat losq8 a/hn:jl9m6p4krk6w x xb :zs for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layqz -8pb,nx/af er of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity ba,q-n /zp8xf of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby e7n( ;+qc.uy( k)oerw jnibpiz :r,8j heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to anotherb(e7,)nr; i i+u .krj8(ceq jy :zonwp is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated onap(u zm9wk5qpp;;tc. a stove?

  Convection can occurm/*huk(ttxc f x*e7pi:u 4a. rq46tyu

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is impf k3 komu:a 724g8l7thyg axw/ortant to humans in maintaining suitab 7ktx4w a:g72 8y3hua omg/fklle body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment whe3;g y n,fn)yh3es7o9w grcse8re the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the ;rs9ognge8ys ,h73f)cw 3en yair on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighborin*aks.kc*wx+d0ef*z vjro 10plz4v h 8g rectangular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to mail fj xhaze*w0d4*vc k10+k ozsrp8*.vntain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is d* e7bpvf pv rg;,)vnw)oubled, by what factor does the radiating power changr vwg;v v p7b)*fp)en,e?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is3iod wm+s7gf 4 referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanisml x cm/tr+s5ma.voi)/ does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to howso ;1ko: r: qn)gpyj5w much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is7f02bpq9(oo ,m k k bml8pmdh(g,nff. equivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of li6ln8n x9h5 ,hqt/pyiead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2. gog,3iozve6d)0o+m 251 4wrm hxwb of0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature ch r56ooz m4gf 2b0),ho wo +ge3wmi1vxdange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is o6d ,jhk hi7*b3e)8i l 6uqk, cnrfq6geriginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of mater0/sn u)6msil 6c/faxqial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by addina)wsz)y/uek *vt 4vb 4(surm9g 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg bkcg86ht7ii.of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if th i7gktc8bi. 6he temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatenuqoe d-l3 c7)vzx16vd to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, is8k db0)2t2afgyqw mb- nzh 17nitially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at7+( tbkvx ,weiwi( 6wa $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated )z(+dw nrtqh3bfi lg )u/3t,nfrom its surroundings. One objqz,fhbd)u lt3/+niw rg) 3t n(ect has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted tob ,y7qe a+ao ybvc1nuq 1u,+y8c zcr08 explore the relationships between various forms ofc cnr0 a788y bva1bqeuqy,++cuy1o , z energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagarae3yi jt0v ,dc5 Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the 3jdevyci,5t0 water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Ass (u5o/o1 wnei-4dxw-0hw ttaquming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat watw it5xeuqw-nd(woa/ h0o14 t -er in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long wi./gpqd0;w5nqnrm,u all it take to heat 20 kg of water fro. ,ndawmp/5 nru0qg; qm $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mamdi cmd4w9wws:79f,m/z hi :c ss 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife bladeo 68gor;q*lda)p h 8oo (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam s+: ksdqrm+,hl:vfjvn7/iv 7to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is requaip ux5 p 4e56n4x/rq -p0 o.wenwg6xqired to melt 20 0poiur5-p/wwe46q p agx6e nqnx45x.0 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to chang cu* 199skvxhye 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from4o i p357ldq4- cto-av6dbxd a 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g ofd ;x ,d9-u hge2og2wc:r,sh((ax j bdf ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water inyb(mvo q/ fln7,ysjt v*p:4:uitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a*.jdb*:fqf u byox30 wt $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change nbg0hk:0 iuw:wha 9p 510 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to chanv gf8)z9rnq7r ad 7sngpae67/ge one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requf ( :uob2 uomoxd+htas*:mps,5 0oxl*ired to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tf 8cxk474 ldx/ph 9u6ocinjpy/zfc9* ea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and 9-ho+b 7cdqbk be2d2cf;bzf0the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting p -b dh2obbfb ;7cqc9dk2 0efz+oint is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of 36wviq8,hhy yconcrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass07s+e r6ious5awh 1gd. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. 1hgsawi 0+o 6sdu er57 The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside ta ;5f*y/lyu soqqw4r 4emperat 4;y r/oswyquqaf 4l5*ure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.rwnl 3.n,iuqz7yuj.,m+7 pt6jf 5clq 5 m. If the outside t7cfw z75j .qn,p +rml6 i3 tl,ujnq.yuemperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flowu-3a(wg- yp x2i0hoiu in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete ioy2u3 ihwgxua- (-p 0($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1, zy,q x1bw3o/j000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is ltsktc .g/ g-lf;0-g qeost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature isq7 (oev. krs4n monitored by measuring the radiqvoe rnk4s 7(.ant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the humxm y.lv xi/mrp)9l2h ebm(5 1,rdscz*an body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collec 6l, j :vucm0 (zcexkfj(xdfedv36 n67tor (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.