Which of the following is the smallest unit o b)bxe 75kw1shf heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature o )ap+y(uh1lptm.5ih eq)0r fk f 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is referre ad.d 9jabhlhz; ;7w,sd to asdhdjalz7w.h9 bs , ;a;

  A cup of water is scooped +pfkd7w *2i ny:usc)g up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup a7s *fd+wp )2iku y:gcnnd the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of;zqpxqh4s6+ybtr 6 jw -7wu 8x an ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until io4ty z t2)9 ovb)qj;fbr,mr 0bts volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energym2 ,o rvb9)rf oqytbb0t;z)4j of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy Uea0nohrd/t/ 8szr- y9 at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not varmwbt971btt0vi 1p w8z y drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capaciknxood (6 a88sun/- zhyo1 h,lty than iron. Now, consider h1nau/6 -ozyk ,no(hd8sxl 8 oequal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made u(9jn4u f u*-t pnss03 dc8akeip of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of fj(snuip4c *a dk9nu0 3-e st8copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the m4uf 2; 3hpwz-ln 5scsliquid state is re2lnmps;z-hu3 54w s fcferred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to t daubumu j4jp f)kal872v*, .1u l*xznhe vapor state is referred to a)vumaxd * p2uu7kjlnjb .1fz48*a,u ls the

  If heat is added to a pure substance*sq qtcoz-8l fx60b l/bdr.a/ at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesq3v ;5s,af hfe

  When a liquid evaporas8bsz3b 1m,;2 myiyaoj.e gz5tes

  When a vapor condenses0gx31 7 tmr3suo,kylk

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condensesa9i ;fbeo oy93 into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperaebfooi3 99;ya ture of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan dnpf+ishrf )u y222kmg u .t0uyx.m6 :of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water atzle:pid q )-,e $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisionsj pprcsp 6i7 s-/7/9vddqa6jj is referred to as- 9cpjpqad66i/77/ pvjs rjds

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an irg++a/:b:s ki kx,jub j65mwcn6gpn7 zon bar become hot wp+,6bmj s6ig:5w7/uxnkkgn c :ja+ zbhen the other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metan 8uw),lym oct+1 g-bdl feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due tly+uw gb,mt dno18c)-o the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneouson7 kc7h ns+29;zjk mj material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature d;j9 kz+n7shojm2 cnk7ifference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with th kf3qy -mm8;:0u c-e 61cs uqrvec0koxermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the coms oc--q0u :0 63kmmfe1evqcrkx;c 8 yuposite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one placena7jav o d*e9xh-:ep/zi+aw: to another is referr7j9 av/: pa+nwio: xahd*e -ezed to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water 9xtuk 1gd(r ci n 9fb9-:3v daa1rr7wsheated on a stove?

  Convection can occur:n j5rukur(9s.y d0vq

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humans in ea,a lc- v9vhvb;o.k m)8/yxsv2s:m smaintaining sv v-2;m.: ab)e kss9/8 y,oalsvcvx hmuitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gr5 au brfob0++i,ig, ek4ogt)w avity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection curgwot)a 5 u4b,b i, ifko++eg0rrents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular hhtpp*1dagcc s f (c,35ouses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintaipg 3,h ctc(5scaf *1dpn the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does th3,tkr6 g*/t4a-d:broskb j mye radiotkks:3byg4 6tr mj rd*,/b-a ating power change?

  The process whereby tul j-t,fh;l o)a67p .b-zron heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does th)d megoxj1-, be Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is eq00vkzv xi ue*6uivalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivac:,hmtcp 5hm9 lent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of l gsv4kx9 awl j*dfmiy+el: xq092i0j;ead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the1hon,bo7e53f9ncxn) k hpbl 5 resulting temperature on,bb1k3xfp5)nl57nc hh 9eochange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originally 65i7l; v.d-sgszx7os hts y,rat $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2 4eike 3uj5io7.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding m6 z d)u k0kt4h89oahn5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kgl hy7k8wc wfk-imw5)6 of copper. How much heat is admw6 w)lw fk-c8khiy57ded to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of iz2zl pyf-071+gmfqodi 4h -lmetal is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of co1mjj wmdg :j+(pper, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at pdx,.o k pcl720 gliehkty67d 8kft8-$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects makeb(6. 7 mgoqfyw up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial temperatu gw67bymo.(qf re of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attp4m;v8 e mtp9x++uyrlempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum 4;ypmxlme tp9r++8v u temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. **pxt1t pz4 vjnac,qv3 lu1, bAssuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by whatvx p1p4zq*,a1lj ,3ctt* v bun temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assumikmfrg)71ws0kir 1pt3 ng no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in thismpsr gwr) 11 kftk3i07 tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg ofmrxk / *w7xa,3p n( pjdt;)zui water ,*mn3pr/kzuxawip7); j(x dtfrom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 iy zjqp(.f t(r,*nhf )gj rxryq9.5,p g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife bsa4ret5m 48welade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam tvn0c)m0 m *kfi; 1zghqo change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to m bfo- t0gi-hj-eltt-fj0-i g-h bo 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ice a x.qi 79 k1x x-twm3tf9utqmv+ y6ywx4t $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100 inqxs0qa ,x 7zfc/2jao 9z 4p*g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice. 1d4 bugf6kbd;h bww6 is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiall ti81d1 2/jh, x0k3orji vxazsy at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a ayz vipcbup)0fsc,:f;8cga7k y p9b+85cu5h t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 6xix 689p vijk10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gra)7j9k+p+ei+:derjqkrr dzay e l 94 k.m of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 10h5g 2v xm/cr-i0 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initi9y-: evkkn 4wf -zakb;(v f+igally at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and yx m(um:xy 2xf 5ssi0i2 e)h*nthe heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and itsx0is:imneyuxm )y5 hs(*2 2fx melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity 93j/zbm16xvo0c ; at 0c h0ivnik6mioof concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is t;fp +00j3fiy; oipx8necy.u vwice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together ;fjxv ip0o;e c+u3ynyi p8. 0fend to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick lca3 3mikz p)8ikchg)r5; z9th e3xh5has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temli)5rp33 );hkk i t a8zcgzemc5 9h3hxperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick hai2y; klr w62.t,s llhis dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatl2 sy6rihw ;l, l2ik.ture is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m sec u w3mtm08yif-c3f fo0tion of concrete (mty0fo uc0- 8wfi3m3 f$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,00 gh48 mco+buj)0,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat b 3ds3jb,;dmgis lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refiningq,c2sp squ8k 7 steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant pk csq87qup,s 2ower emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the hu g;7b,myilvz2axy9 +q man body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collui,weavk77*76ol rf iu q/v*hector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.