Which of the following is the smallest units 0i(: cd ,3t 2y2v,obteeqnpp of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 grayr7w8 jie )o,hm of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules5pn*d8:zgxz m is referred to az*5m8 dxp:g nzs

  A cup of water is scooped uvj ybx)j5ht *,p from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy )5yj vj* ,bthxU of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depy3vpiq fnk;gtzajc.75:2 /dfends on

  An ideal gas at STP is firk ctoh e5; :.91akthrcst compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is9hrc5 ta;ekk1toc: .h allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with inth(chhmt06l i* ernal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drasticalxl zwe 2s;v7c+ly is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity than 4p0e)t)5 e.zlocv yto4hd9a o iron. Now, consider equal massez)a)oo .cvlodh59pe 4te04ty s of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aj;pf+dfx(zvca9we p ;jkg5 -6luminum and a cold piece of copper; tjk ;egj9-( xzd6pw+cffp ;5avhe aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the l: k 6*crx 9zzau(sx.(-vfegvxiquid state is refer -(g .a(z:rsx*6cx uvkx vf9ezred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to thenqu, +2rh:tgc d 08:hqphgnm 2 vapor state is referred t8n+pnh0hhqmu 2d, rg:: 2gqcto as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a c 1kueb4pei; go 1u)3qsteady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesqm ax0)r58vq it2 x/sh

  When a liquid evaporl slhnjl x3*2e )1qxa:ates

  When a vapor condense(bbbil* 71lxtl 5 1lxjt8yr.cs

  In a cloud formation, water vapv3gjdu2t a;i/jm, :phd bq,.wor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and gd:ht/dj.2 ,ai;jwm3bqup, v bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of pckdq )fu o6k-1:4ca-g uvu/uboiling water causes

  Equal masses of waterpy;kjw(kx o+/g17-g4 b omfar at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular col3s- jnlf1 (nas 8smlwsz*p2 2hlisions is referred to as18s wlfz j23m*(2sahspsnnl -

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does ws2n,wt ps0g,one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flampw2,ts0, wng se?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piefn09jr1q ea5r-k pw* oce of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physi k*pranqo0 w5jr1 -fe9cal property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material,9om jgbw;9 3ck the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thicknesckbg9 3;mjo9w s will

  A layer of insulating material with thermgew+wdrlo /1vw da9/+u4r5-skn w9ybal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another maw r4 9wve-sudwbo//dr+9+ nyk a gl1w5terial of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heakhy8k;2wl34t g+jl( o6x5b f)t qfzxut flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is regt 6yhffwk) (lj 2u+xx o;8z5 qt3kl4bferred to as

  By what primary heat transferr 4np ,l6ugwq.bus-w- mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurs ygve dk y1/)b1+9pcg

  Which of the followi( zmfx suldf92f 6) y7qt nihf0xn*/3png best explains why sweating is important to humans in maintaining sl*niyux mntx 3)7f0d(zfq/ s2f6f9phuitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of graviaj +3er*ys n0sty is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convect*r 0j3nasy +seion currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same mater/j(r iofu .m4k6cm hupe ;os6ltw9s/:ials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same .4sm;k u u9or6es/ (:jhf6o tpimw/ clinside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what facto(nmrun d4 0uk6r does the radiating power chanu drk (4numn06ge?

  The process whereby hea+xq+*yuibd w-l p):9uu ktwu8 t flows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism d ae s8kskx 59os)h8wx270eycmoes the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equi / /adx5mr2teiy:84zha2e kz zvalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much wor; zqxt.j u*ef*k?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of v(n)m0sjzwu2 f-ei y5100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is t+rnkb o-y4.hs y-3aue)lnl o3he resulting temperature c l4n ba lo-osu 3reyy.-h3k+n)hange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is original: qrl6ka.mi+0+s:c ofugnb 4/tqhx;jly at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperaturza ))vrx ajj6k5:luhntkza: 1b5)k9m e of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at v t)c0eh/+me z0e* yyr$80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kgq4joxwce/dn y7 0(6 kc gtgxkeq1q/)0 of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the t/og16dcq c4qtnkw(0je7) g kxq /y0xeemperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of meta *gw+f9 0ubanil is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initi g dy(q :dmxol;zy8.o,ally at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material th:zyzgl arokr96 q; w ,,*v/g m.v/ocat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that +i5k4dq, gzrt/aix x-, ejka3is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has 5i/4it, 3,kk-axr ezaqjdx g+ an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule m:p. 5:in+giby2 boy zattempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature g:yon.b2b z:m5 +yipiof water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Nia kyv0 9xx(.1:abtrt a;pkki e4gara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted0ra:kbp9ya1 4k(;xv .ki xtet to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater us2ib m.bxl zbli9-t83tes 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to m-b3b8li.2 xtlbzit9heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to9e/hh zawys,g,+s )zf heat 20 kg of water ,+aez s/hgszf,yhw9) from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mz bkf41uo-od6 r t7swddo 1d05ass 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife bladg)kn(w v4 x7pye (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to changeas)f7*ea ymv( it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to m.*h ovp ;f c9p1dy9pr83lwoyw elt 2003dppo8wp ;h*vfl o991c .ryyw g of ice?

  How much heat energy is v d1o5isa.;q1al6 met oi p4x/needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 10. mz;h+imj35w*rn.rt jn f y+s0 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 8 )n;t v.n7vl0gr d:qu w8t4fn4z*po dk0 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initit3 vo.*re )m, n5nsh mu,sale6ally at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water arjvxijgro7bw-* 3dq8.w +m7 lt $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to chang voqg,wyg1hiaw ,-1 4ue 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required tot8cns9bp;/g*h hu)jm change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to ch(lb 8cdu kr7-xange 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg t7g*jc s 0t9pn,s+yvp of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization d3e whgj/1 6py;7a;zy tvoo x*is 207 kcal/kg, andye *y 3ptzd; 67ajv;/xwho1go its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity xe+ nswat4;o pxw 0 xyx /.p1vo(a*6tnof concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass.1hrlm6av-1 vx (g296kw ksp9i8 bvm or Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radiv8k6vg ax i( mprhvl1r9swbmok 2916- i. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outsio (oat eqmmg 5s-z;6)gde temperatq6soazot-g (;g )5memure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the .ttg( trc i13 pei92ntoutside temperature t3irngti2c(tp e9t .1is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour thr1 l;e/b8taxfd ough a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete (b8e;f/l dt x1a$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transftyd osi b+fnjlurezl7. . 9k53*z7s*g er 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is losttqz ,v,87c mfb through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used fo6rh x/9zp4wgvsq l.(0e.jgv qr refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant0jqs hvwxp r.6g q9ezv/4. g(l power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when itotyolgih-+26 e-i/ zf is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists insh +hf;od2l( 43 bjdn,pou,rbuide a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.