Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat energ50m lekfiw 6d7y?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the tempe,j2+ : 6kltsaxpa9uwarature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy (dm,0j nq ut0 ahuj89 g0a1ontof individual molecules is referred to (nt9a j1un8j0atu0 oq ,md g0has

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compaty ,w 5/uzla+lue6: gxgh.n0 lre the temperature T and the internal energy U of :e.ynla tl,z+0wg/ 6uh5gulxthe water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an iml5( /plmuf0 qdeal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half tv9roqs h5m rj x k0f12,owu+r;he initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done 5or0+2jrm f9 xsrwv , hok1;uqwhile holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal 2d)5mrh 2cqe y6ccu 7xenergy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatur4s6lng. zburj8k9czkv /y v1y (:x* mmes do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heo 2vvfmqft,rl9iq bx4/52 b e.at capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibr2o/9bq,e 4 vf tr2lfv5xq bim.ium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of v8tesv i4 x(k,fpr5t3 a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double tha 3 ks ,eift4txv5p(8vrt of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance2.x*nmy., (d ghkzclt from the solid to the liquid state is referred t mx..(ny2 ,hck gdzlt*o as the

  The heat required to change a substanc/) 81yhu:3 sg8irpo5fswdg4 bvq r6hwe from the liquid to the vapor state is referred 4s 8)/hipw s1v56goq3h r gwryfu:b8dto as the

  If heat is added to a pure subst3.wijd) t3 pf 6a1oecmfcd,vx* zzo(* ance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesz m/ zfz*n-k qre7kyni mb08zb t97y52

  When a liquid evaporjs9,u w jbbg..ates

  When a vapor condensmza8c7+mkby8fti3w etexf)s . c t7.1 es

  In a cloud formation, wl t1i csr0i3+*hvs -iuw2s.zj ater vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. hvi* l01.ss3rc tisw 2z+jui- This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a parv9a9 v9q 0ifu,6mfobn of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water+iyc :eoqn;*g at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisg mmzp; fhlnh2 b/+ jizlm9ig +-qj6e3u .s+,oions is referred to ag+mmpjeh6+,-q n l; . jbgzmzif/ih2ous 9+l3s

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot w1eo-kr(sn q8li;wq. when the other end is placed in -qik1.wr n (lew8;osq a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piecepm fzop-2*uu nj .j(d: of wood. This is due to the difference in wu(-d u:*pnpojj2mz. fhich one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rg /ecr);0tnir w0/hvcsv p:q7ate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across th rct0v/hnwi ;7e0pc/qvs)r: g e thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is;n +xvg- i:eyh placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thicknes: x;e+nivgh-y s. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by t-u 5tp-,uk,ydm-jr w oqkw0a 7lfv+/rhe mass movement of molecules from one place to another is 7a0-up,dt+k,fmq- jykw-5w v rr/ o ulreferred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a po,v ( )l(yu -lgj.cralye3)r dat of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurn aybmv6xq(h3 aqx9 8lb -x),g

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humans in mainp2)bacu + nb f* z g)i7tuhnj9e7wvg(:tapjtu gnac7)eu9 )2fwvngzi (bh :+7b *ining suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the g+p p wiq0vm:ne8 (spd.8sy g;acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convep sse8vmnpqdgwi80.(:y+ p;g ction currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same mg55pab o* mh3eaterials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions,ob 55hgp 3aem* what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by wha .w .yhyz-:,p9el ; xhzdjnj0vt factor does the radiating power c-z.jel .xd,ywhj;9 y0 phnv :zhange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is ra7 33:tz t0ekvv+zh x snf0gla,pb.6referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sgz u7d4h/m68tvk 8b yjun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equiv)e8scbvu bduf 6- l+ +*pe*oss 8n*srqalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much sxxp m2d5h283wule .vf,i jw9work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature id0zzjwf(g soru8a00*lm0635k qbs aof 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulnanu-g xp0z.zie 00 h8ting temperatureg8nex phz 0a0zuin-.0 change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is w*5dx pvrwlm 9tz:xbqh8b +/,originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of qeiy01 q4lr4 hmaterial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L*bxfvkkk):k +t7 oz5v of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consistf0 8iuml( y2urs of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperar2ui y 0l(8mufture increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated t(bdh8 nd;y iz4o $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, iwi c- 0mcs70rjnitially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material a)z4ccsk 0fc xii u//o,t $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects makez l4i,ysr etz1-2xxa2of( fm2 up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initi- 2(oey1tfzfl zi2sa4m 2x x,ral temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted 1k)1te noo-sxto explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. )11eos xt-kon What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that alryg 23q2z4t3 xyo,b s1n3*piurtpa2ql the 2rait q ,3ygpnrqpy3bots*u2 x 2z143gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assumin5uwz yw.c q,s5 3j4cgr/yhsp ,g no heat loss, how long would it take to heat waters5q, .wy 4pj,g3/czuyw 5crsh in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kgtwo5u oo:jz(e,bxic,p1 8,wd of water fropwj,o:uixobdtw 1 ,c(e o8 ,z5m $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g, 8bl),ve:3pvu kyf, 9a1e73 tlze jdyi$c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knid.rg7 xkj7s2dfe blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to liq(cq18y :qw+tw b 1pdy,btz6f cuid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to me:mi 0 ./dcfu4,3zcsiqs ou 5pylt 200 g of icczsu:45uy.fi/s m i0oq,dpc 3 e?

  How much heat energy is needed to chang6 kva0d a7 z)a7zfwf.ne 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100 g of5 ,mfksif )c3mnllce/, p*8u t $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/ke-,cpbxgz(5q pjz s2/g. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water ijg5 ojt;5 h//t ft:d6vpc:j kef)q9xf nitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atkb . t aasfl+h7lgjoegs)j + +0oys;(9 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg ol6( 07e 1mzovsnrs)w kf water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change o.-c/nzpn bha,e7m/s j+ pk1k-, rne yrne gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requi bfpb5:2bow 2 6.ji pbdfgsg, ks(1u+ured to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by addu )yw4ebcxp uh5zds3t5bngr /,n q,-/ ing ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat o+7 e : ywjfe8.xbxpcv0f vaporization is 207 kcal/f:8 je7wxc0. ve +xybpkg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of cozcz4 5/xuviaoqk1v;8amdw,0ncrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rd:r(tldp+8(jfz tyz 2pu ol9.ods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maind:9z l fp 2y(8(ldtr +.zuopjttained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensio5jqosh.*p o2 yns of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatoqj h2.5* pysoure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outsidep 1/dl*ln7 poz temperat*ol1 7 pd/nplzure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concretga9wcj/errh67 orw0 n xp5+0ue ae w0un+cr gpo6jr 97hr05/xw($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to t61o9 imr nn )zu+;vzj mxa2+uaransfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost thr qtnkegw2 /7tdnv 327rough a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for re.q :k0 aket3vilxtc.465bqz zfining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power ei350v 6 kl4.qeck txzb:zqa. tmitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy whe+9;rfk lrd 2riw(t4qgs )r ew:19qlzun it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solarrdunna(m3 u,wb/m sk3 i:kfkc,8,oq8 collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.