Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat e39 izuz6 1w9r6wegbi+p -y r xbv b+(foav1ne9nergy?

  The amount of heat necessary to rais7a 22d mswfiv 1j5vqq 7cxy4f3e the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic ene1sazimw-h :9l ;/reqg rgy of individual molecules is referred to a9-lm;: hzq/e wsari g1s

  A cup of water is scvifi h*)3nf a*ooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal ener ifna*hv3)if *gy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gasi6eio qr32u*ya pc) 1h depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its voln06 xvtrd 2hrr vw6lc 4712mahume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the inia62 v2wrx dv rhrm 4n7t1lh0c6tial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy a0fz; -pyaq8 kU at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean tempernknu v4e 2djk.o 08)cm2g.lbr/z 7 amlatures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known f6dgjz6 xd b.7l8kve r8act that water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are in6.7 88jv6lgzd kdrb exitially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated syst bze18+hw c1qwem is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and e+bz ch1q 81wwthe copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liqzv bq-gh+l- 9quid state is referred-q9-q+gbl hv z to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the l/62ll/*utnio/w0 qgzn 9)x lihzuv) a iquid to the vapor state is refeu/2l)nlt h* u i/a/l gzz0iq)n6vwo 9xrred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steady t+5e4j dd hi n+ 041rmnvjf+lprate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezek hub tqzz+ 1)9,.c: nssj9mffs

  When a liquid evapor.d 7u; eka1yyveomfzy -:(m5 gv0 )hbdates

  When a vapor condens2 wd,fyqb-ut3guojk i63bc: h5 0b*pz es

  In a cloud formation, wate-55xo n.aurr er vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the aex5un-o5r r .air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boilin4jqnmr+4 * 70sfan ixq ali*j+-ha:xgg water causes

  Equal masses of water at(5y kq/9 rlxjz $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is refer)/plx a+l rrwsagd/3(l m1t *xz 5f9xfred to atmp5 f* xf9r3/alswd/1 xxlga zl ()+rs

  By what primary heat transfer mecha vte2r(occg:: bl rr7 r:n)0hsnism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the l onbt::sr: 0vh(r7rcr) ecg2other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece em+8l0mk 7 kdzof wood. This is due to the difference in which one od 7k0m8+mzelk f the following physical property?

  If you double the thic3oe1q ,j g mqqew)bz5/kness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness w/jzb,5) 1ee3qogqq wmill

  A layer of insulating material witd:c f)qt nt)+djv e6q-h thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers havdqv)f+:jtqd)ce6 nt- e equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the maln;.s 06ok0 r(s arus1zk6enxss movement of molecules from one place to an1. 0s nsks(zk6elr r;ounx 06aother is referred to as

  By what primary heat trans,gpg( xr5 i6nsfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur2a/:xads8 j :mzov, wb

  Which of the following best expla, p nwq.5nw) k 9o si7krkx25+mlxo2afins why sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable body temperaturxwqwsnkk5r.kaom2lip)+ 5 oxf,2 n79e?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gravity 60xdj,lrlli9i)rv;k)isb * i is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convec kls)ii*)r;v b9rlid0,l i 6xjtion currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same materials. One 8ubl/lgr esm 7xs74e iv2j)1nof the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true abo1nxel2l v m 4su7 8i/je7gsbr)ut the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor doomi rhl;;3 9ales the radiating power chanl93ia orm; ;lhge?

  The process whereby heat aa3hj.c q7g8f flows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mecha4zb vz 3l7+ *wl98 2k,dtgftpeiqlj3 pnism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how muo,g n q42c spp)s:3hzjch heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to howb34, p qs nnsh4o:yy1g much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of+t3gj2md7 ixq lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what3cs8k 5z 3ovij is the resulting temperature change?3c zo8 ik5js3v

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is origina (zgptw5(,s2souaum0 f ;fu*ally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of matep ld1nk ita,)k; o8s6erial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L ofvtj a , bkn 57w*zu q6u0wj)zdw,4l3dc water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How mu2kz*(d c xt9ib0x.ufvch heat is added to the gear if thdcfxz *.t0iv bxu29(ke temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatedk a.-tidqi,szd c z*i 7r/)8ef to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially at 2w5hfu:bx;;q7*q owf ys/a gk $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at ;slg)rt 6ma,n $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects mak1 5fp nvxgph;5e up a system that is thermally isolated from its surrouf5h;gpx vn p15ndings. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted t8q xm*svb,/bcxsh sl; v445jao explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a watervlb;x*ms8/4s5hjcvxaq 4b s , fall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara F6c8 9x2c i 4g+ykj-s3wxpddctalls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature d xxdcsy4+c 3wkc92j 6p-d8i gtoes the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, hm9: q( rr,xonzow long would it take to heat wmr9 (,znq:xroater in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. 7eq/ 9t vkg1xfaimk 0e xfc,(,How long will it take to heat 20 kg of wate(i7e/f kg,v1 cex,fqma9 0kxtr from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 gl 0p6hg kwpjn3dr8* c;, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific h-ec:sg fyp+;u eat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removethd-76n7 /cjx3wew1yp. hq ved from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is s xj9rn -2tmxx7wz.c: required to melt 20xr-7mw:j 9 nxtc.x2sz0 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ice 00we*ul 1a*re c;jmh eat $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removk)+na,ww,v* er1e qsved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 8a)i:(yi evov1c7 ackj) j5e4h+pj zv )0 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water init lve 8*ajl r/ ck2/kx*ei5jxs:ially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a,x* sf)e3zgyut $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is nex 7y3+or,qaw1pm,hme eded to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one graml 8w8p5 dcg( qcz+cwlr13op(l of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g of yuo52 py3b;btv)4k -or ilr w0(bvs:m$-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice teavfncoh :,z))bv,6u6o b3vd ib by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporizyev,kzvn6rv* i9 yp. 3ation is 207 kcye z9y ivpr 3v6.*k,nval/kg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of conceinca: qk7h (p7*e 3xxrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice bx*0sxbdtl8p4 k,kyep6k e)-. nha j;that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joinedtkpxk8e6 jy;e-khnb ,b)xp. d* 4lsa0 together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.c fme20/ bzcszi( :i9n5 m. If the outside temperature c20z(/cibezm n:s 9i fis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 4rbpwm2n -wh6 1.5 m. If the outside temperature i2 6mwh-b rw4pns $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 ho*w oopy h9eq4.f.,aneur through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete (,y4neoq h*a9 . peo.wf$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 calk0wex8 6 wj2rl of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside / s2bado(/np wtemperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used fordmm)5it x rn:57ej9 myf82bgd refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a smallrem5y:db2n5gm )x i87dj9tfm hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy w m5 *:- djl.hhlz1it:oa8zybn hen it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection area ofaez) / 3nyvx5c.d nv :iixq1:m6 ye-og $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.