Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat edykgq 0m 1c4 cmu)*dq8nergy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of *5phr 9qf-lguxd(c b kx o9,o.1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the aprfy)3g2h.kki u z m+)verage kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred togykf h32u) .i)kz+mpr as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the tem 9 ; 2(kw)az/siymxumsa0qd c:perature T and the internal energy U of the water, in bothammucs (kd;ya:20sz)/i 9q wx the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depmo )15defg v qfa9s53fends on

  An ideal gas at STP is firmnap1f6n dofy ui ),5;st compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initoiyd n)pn; mff1,u65aial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy v; yepy +our8a5 b;z9*5ujsyrU at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drasj*w(oc1sfwa 8 tically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water hay56fffucz+; 6, zx6 qwohyyl /ov7p /p/l2xfas a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, con f;/zh2 oyfpz/f a+f6llwvy 6q y6/poxuc7,x 5sider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up ozmu(cgtr n.71f a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the coppe m znrc1ug.(7tr are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a ;1v/t0pbnyu ssubstance from the solid to the liquid state is referred tout ybsv0np;1/ as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid +qxlw6 0:xu fxto the vapor state is referred to aswf+qx6u0xlx: the

  If heat is added to a pure: )iymb/ rl axakd .i*vj4je+; substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesowx zbm9dsqu cn;)))uz-b-8 b

  When a liquid evaporat pid)afbx7id0evk*2 5es

  When a vapor condenses xpqd0 u.*cmo:

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into wat fb)peaxe hd*.-lo-y*f y7f/ z7e me6zer droplets which get bigger and b a6e ybz.fzeedlf*- *m7h)y7of/p-x e igger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under aer8vw);r))cvcq: ma b pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water 46cgx ydrl1 (cat $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collision oi2n3h 9ar o;xd)mo(fs is referred to as dx2afhm) 3oo r(oi9n;

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar bec, x8pgnsvgqu/ :x5rz5 ome hot when n/gxr:8s5qpv,5ux gz the other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a pieczw,je7-j kjszu,4 ke5 )b/zcsfn1f j- e of wood. This is due to the difference in which one ofz ssbj/e,)w 57uzjecjk41 jn f fzk,-- the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homog48*c(hxau 1 qtfxww qj5zt0* deneous material, the rate of hf5 x8jqx awqz*ud*0 t 4ht1wc(eat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal p ,7l9evacr w.a9b ,wbconductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivl7,brcp 99.aabwe ,vwity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows byeug7c 9zlle-9vx6 t 2v the mass movement of molecules from one place to7 vxec92lvg9-lze 6tu another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is onolk 0 h14gpz*oo+)ea pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur2l4 zcq3l(j vq

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to /y jtycz3d6r,humans in maintr3tc z,6jyy/d aining suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an enviro+nhsa.a/ k 4ut()pzasnment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially ze a4(a+szau.shkt)/p nro. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same mae a6qmziib*njy*v q;9f /zv1/ terials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what w/z nv1qie9*fm i ;b/ *yzjqa6vould be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator ; d:os*ei 9dgcis doubled, by what factor does the radiating power change?od:e cg;9si* d

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any nf73c0 6zew(v3 t0 do1ucrhkhmedium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transn5-nzgbz yp2 tf1k-o+ fer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent fre j5 pguca;)qt)w0oa/ t8j.to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to 4c2 nzb3,8+y9 mlw lcpkel:pzhow much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the tempov8g1 ajyr7jz,tg: (ha zc:n 0erature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0r5 zx,j5:czjlrd,zu 3 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature change?: ,jjrlz53xrcz,d5uz

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originhqbju3*+3 rkm*.u6 l kzu8: tgq z7nf7jo2ec xally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of material y-fb5ya ((u 0fieg6h zby $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath e+ (ipf dfv gth 1o1g(lm+u65zwater by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. Hol qr1ec y60oq5qv 0ry7w much heat is added to the gear if the temperature i lroy q60ercqvq5 71y0ncreases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heateo vae4m z1t*dc 52qe4id to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiar 7mwpaonya- i9. z8;jkw,vg 2lly at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material atygk mt u6fl1)rb(/4*j ,elckq $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermaw3(*v)timngp bg- w,vlly isolated from its surroundi)w vwvmg-* i3p,t(bgn ngs. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempt (e p6)cxql4rbed to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperat4cbxq)re6 ( plure of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming t3r-nq so( jf9coe)4wege 7kb9hat all t3g -c9sf qjkneo4wbe)o(e9 r 7he gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW.b85 um;dlwuxy4 6 g0ka Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this4 8gwbuydmx6 a5k 0l;u tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to j +hm855mss b 2ahrrd-heat 20 kg of water fh 5+srj-md a8r5msbh2rom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g, 4.5tnquxl lro1 8awd+$c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (spec3 jpdc cq0)w6q /h jamh.gs(*zific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to /hqvzw0 ;hqj-liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat ohb6s pel j284af fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 20 2ah4j8l6beps 0 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of iq8zw8r hqi7gk (78ne ace at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 10um6x1 q mf.f8j0 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 5z.* qscr 1i:es0 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially at -zr8+nn oeo5wq+xois (4 jrp9 $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water amh q04.9tochokm- ulrt zl+5k/bo*x +t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg kmaz a4anw-qpf- +g+t5zrm1- of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to bwywt:.y 86m kchange one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g of(y7ecy t4wrf +gj49es $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot q/um8/0* juwmyj2 fzbtea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 k-.irghv*qu b n293hh hcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and itsq3nri h. v 9-b2hhhug* melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of a0zvex) h5+kr concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (onuuo7psh1st +xe,:7xds j ,k ;ee alumin +ux1t:;h es7xsdjksue,p 7,oum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m.xdixf7/1 2r y(fss t8b If the outside temperature(1ds/iyr bf782fs xtx is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick hasv5g vl;.;4ock m lptt: dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperat.tgv; 4kcp t :omll5;vure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour throkg(;(z c7ms- yuyfa9 xugh a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete ;((y9a gcsu fz m-xyk7($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,vf8 s1v-l)qwi000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat bvo4: 1sqdy 3n8f m6mdis lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refiningtfks w z,zs+33-d wuu n/b9av3 steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power edsva wnkw /3+u3fzsubt-9z, 3mitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body r4tv6iy8 n wf/hfk+5dcadiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a sola+ ne+tjtmm 6lo4sv5h3 r collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.