Which of the following is the smallest unit hgeq1 o 711*12 lym i zoti:i0 vwgvrzu+g*sn+of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to rf(gj4 5yawm 0zaise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individualbw1ptqj4u r(y,/x)co molecules is referred to a ,yc /1rowu)4(ptqbxjs

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimminyho4 zl3htif,td3*5rn6,ki k g pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swhf,lroi 54yt6ihz3k* 3tn dk,imming pool.

  The internal energy of an ide.m hic;j*(d bbal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP idi; 6sz ca;i3es first compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its iz e6;isad; c3pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with intern ej- s4jjhjngk6h1f1+al energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drasticall(xpj(m aqcb( fu3 5h+w+mpj.i y is that

  It is a well-known fact that water(bmbkq ;/ zo7ljwt, z. has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. N(;lz, o/ ktjz.qbb w7mow, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum an 7(0* vk(qnc bzrgp+gnd a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal connb 0n7 g*kgvczqrp( +(tact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from 6. oroh fl(e+jthe solid to the liquid state is referred to as+(e6ol.j rof h the

  The heat required to change a su,,bfe:)w.mvn a o,1g-hzgl dfxh,0cibstance from the liquid to the vapor state is reg1om ifa-)wxzl h,ghc. ,,f,b:dv e0nferred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at ac5t c x/8yr -siirtsj4;wb.e+ steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesr3hvg l;wng,v(gx w6 ;ij.f ;h

  When a liquid evaporatv,ic 3d7p5rg a hxn(vs2+jlt; es

  When a vapor condenslo:btqn l9/k *es

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses ipwlo b1s;pwkd )6 8xc*nto water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clxps o)d;l8cwpwbk16* ouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling wo)zy* c:pewm .ater causes

  Equal masses of water at y95p3qoqr oin yt vtb-1l13pv a /8e1a$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows zyq6it161g -np pe ls8by means of molecular collisions is referred to ats-1lp68z g16nep q iys

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar becom)dm/e 2omyd+ aw/a bhe zrfskxj(8)*,; h u0aae hot when the other end is placed in a ;xk* a)8(abhr/+am /sfae,hu0) mjo2 ddywezflame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch tha3bklvg1tn 9o4z bn*3 vn a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following p1g 34vtb z9vkn3olb*n hysical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homog5g:5fzez m wom z)o3*seneous material, the rate of he)f m5m35*:eooz zswgzat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal e )ch. mmbyonjxp +r0ke23 4ysp+,)ufconductivity K is placed on a layer of another material ofncxu mp,y) h3r4+ o+pf) sy.2b0kee mj thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flor4; k t .fb moiw:9muj14zm.krws by the mass movement of molecules from one place to aiw9ut: ; 1m4.m zmrj kborkf.4nother is referred to as

  By what primary heat trawr/jq,qh(o w kidg2h5,2e )ofnsfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur +hyh;z7xpor(

  Which of the following best explains why sweatinf*qox7 mq+a x0g is important to humans in mainqf a+xm*7oq0 xtaining suitable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accelerat . /dw3aemi2kpion of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater mipk2e /w3.ad, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same matoy/pxl xry0mevu4w9y xy55(9erials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature oyyyvu9/ 95p0xx le4wyo( 5rm xn a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radia*35ac28c tr lgfr vj r(2f;jcjtor is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power ch*jgf2c 2jc;frca58rvlr j3(t ange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred t*x x7odkra p-6o as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does thefiulbk p1 u64+r - wrtut 0iz/lu)t5m6 Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how mu yxl0.h()+3g isky tlfch heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivat 8yx+awx(c4blent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is nee-) u)ib8em2nmjjkiy: ded to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, 5aujex+ v vhci/. i5.rwhat is the resulting temperature chu5 5v.+ce/a.hi xjr ivange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum blv .bbw*;ufjlxob6z l6.lf5/ oock is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg o8 ged(qf-,e1f;+uux xp7js k uxu/3bqf material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up hek u;l cutk.1xf, (ja mke6dj:;r bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. fwkiz4l 4ynr tibx03s7j;d 6,How much heat is added to the gear if the tempers i 47jd 30n4fywkr,;zblti 6xature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metaqk01a x -k,sidl is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiallyvh2g8i3j p m/x at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material ak36zd 5 ej qwfeftw8)vp99k+wt $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally in4u )4 vdx- ffed3jcl1solated from its surroundings. One object has ancj 1dxd-4ffv3ue l) 4n initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted tk).c*a /a:g hd+ znhtso explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of watecgdak/ht+:na*) hs z.r which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara d ku l:dy+-nfc fbt8saq 9*mu4si19-bFalls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all thesm:--8l9*s f9cbdfi4 +ynbtkuduqa 1 gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water h/+ih(sca y)j1/kc vogeater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat waterv( /j/a+k i)hcyocsg1 in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How lonmzu9wi j0(ti- 23 eclmg will it take to heat 20 kg of water fr0 3wei cu-92tl(j zimmom $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g, qvm zfsl26w(msw39)iz434f q(jyd kv $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade zd, w-g:v- ;np wsa3oa(specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from ste;amb s;qw .vvptez rg9-wzstc461vx,54k:wi am to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heatl ow(dw5ka2sd 4dy 7y6 .-wphy is required to melt w-lhyd yws 2wd76p(5da4y.ok 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kvrvraz2 ;tvmu w*uf j*tdn/))i+6w9og of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed 6 8urf( uulqtb(g /v/afrom 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 508h5bst -w gao3wff. 7l g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water l21 b,b(lponqu omo2/p 8i.e cinitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at ke(3p ,dnhd.f$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to chmzqi4)5jb3 fil b,q.z ange 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change :ij 0r9ro,,v abtts*xone gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to vo(tnnu,- abr 9,9l cechange 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by 7j17tb/40fna,h f fah)g) av dyj4hbeadding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vapol4kh es2gfn 7:*vnbk/rization is 207 kcal7nvb4 gh:* sklf ekn2//kg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concret1-d2:tkhjkq dyp 5r;k g+she)e is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. rwz7se2)e j-1b a)fpq p2r3 sqTwo rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of es7 bq-jp21f3rw pz)q eeasr) 2qual lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the out o)7cv plv.+fsside temperaturesvo)c7lfpv. + is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If thw/d/em:. zy ny ,yvb2he outside temper2v/ /mhdz y,y.w :enbyature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 ax(cu1x;iye9 m x 2.0 m section of concrete iux(cy; 9e1ax ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,0h,g elxs d5z,vn6l )zd88 hsh,00 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperatu/0,wgmrhf )on re if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace usmi7g rywelsskp,6:07 ed for refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of amr ,70k6sewl pisgy 7:rea $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating ene *mwowui mnz) d2ns:i7;xl;fz/ e55uirgy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection /ypqyngs 5 3(1ipd q)jys4ig 9area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.