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习题练习:gc textbook chapter 11 Vibrations and Waves



 作者: admin   总分: 111分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 24年12月27日 14:41  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give some examples of everb50onux( qf rvpgam,6g( +(dw yday vibrating objects. Which exhibit SHM, at least ap 5 wbv(r d+ofmu(axpqg6(n0g, proximately?
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is the acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator my8 ;i*-;oner rxj.ef ever zero? If so, where?
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why the motion of a piston in an autk9r-k f- ll68rgiza(iomobile engine is approximately simple harmonic 69kfa(lrkrzli8i-g -.
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Real springs have mass. Will the true period and frequn: x1nb ta1rz)n.u1 huency be larger or smaller than given by the equations for a mass oscillating on thrun1n 1n1x:hb.tuaz )e end of an idealized massless spring? Explain.
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
How could you double the maximum )cfyiu-ky m13 speed of a simple harmonic oscillator (SHO)?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A 5.0-kg trout is at/wuv(e uaq,;utached to the hook of a vertical spring scale, and then is released. q/u uuv;(e, waDescribe the scale reading as a function of time.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a pendulum clock is accurate at sea level,pbn0s hzn ,)7vazz n7k43r4 vu will it gain or lose time when taken to high altbz740)rupszn ,7 nva3hz nv4kitude? Why?
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A tire swing hanging from a branch r3tfpnzk03zdchi xh 2/ h/7w4reaches nearly to the ground (Fig. 11–48). How could you estimate the height//tz fdnh2w cir 0h347xpk3hz of the branch using only a stopwatch?
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why can you make water slosh back and ff,ms4 c 4 m 4x1gidu277otvkqyorth in a pan only if you shake the pan at a 4 4x7k yf21cqm4ui7vsot,m gd certain frequency?
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give several everyday example:zjtbyhh)+, oi1( xaa ngvv93s of resonance.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is a rattle in a car ever a resonancpysr5cyh o a7(/4mwkz 5 s(8spmz25cq e phenomenon? Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is the frequency of a simple periodic wave equal to the frequen/. ;ex bocom4qcy of its source? Why m.b4 ex coo/q;or why not?
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain the difference between the speed of -nu abf0cc00r6(u i1zoz vl8f a transverse wave traveling down a cord and 0f(u u1-zrzc 8acf0o vil6n0bthe speed of a tiny piece of the cord.
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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why do the strings used for the lowest-frequ:x*yo jaqs h/ 2dum*7fglmf5*pg s5t+ency notes on a piano normally have wire wrapped around *mh25fm /yu*x* ost:a glqpfsjd5g7+ them?
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
What kind of waves do you tkd46 o:3j)g/mdoar*g g9of j dhink will travel down a horizontal metal rod if you strike its end (a) vertically from goo3)9djm6ord f 4kd g/*:jagabove and (b) horizontally parallel to its length?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Since the density of air decreases with anjr;hy tn mc;+5 increase in temperature, but the bulk modulus B is nearly independent of temperature, how would you expect the speed of sound waves in air to vary with tempe 5+tch;rjymn ;rature?
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give two reasons why circular water waves decrease in amplitude as tl 9a8sej:1jryb19nrr wb pb,o + ,rscu)dv/j5hey travel away fwr1,1yserdaos)98b ulj+9, rbj:5vj prb /cnrom the source.
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Two linear waves have the same amplitude and speed, and ofeulhq hj-x:0l* (pg* y)s q+rtherwise are identical, except one has half the wavelength of the other. Wh):r-hyqh*f0 j*p(elg +uxqlsich transmits more energy? By what factor?
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a sinusoidal wave crosses the boundary between two sections of cord askj4yucz 4pb (9a6jhi ci)ep ;; in Fig. 11–33, the frequency does not change (although the wavelength and velocity do chang4b 4 ;up9cp; ya6zk()jhjciie e). Explain why.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a string is vibrating s(o(6 onyn8efiwwgqm( /9p u+. bnym) in three segments, are there any places you could touch it with a knife blade withoy6 q.(((wmgpnone/9yn)+s mi bw8o uf ut disturbing the motion?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a standing wave exists on a s)xest6p jeq.kg/ 1c 5jb)ptu;tring, the vibrations of incident and reflected waves cancel at the nodes. Does this mean that ejgkb6/txp;jq 51 es) te) .ucpnergy was destroyed? Explain.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If we knew that energy was being transmitted from one place tali-i bn4n b5;ay3h a)vrws5 6o another, how might we determine whether the energy was being carried by particles (material bodies) or 56)snblr- av4ny i5h3aaiwb;by waves?
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23#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a particle undergoes SHM with amplitude 0.18 m, wha07 sk3e g2c+tyatnly+ t is the total distance it travels i370 2yt l+s+yatc kgenn one period?    m

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24#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An elastic cord is 65 cm long when a weight of 75 N hangs fk 3tqb r :xr98fkki3b*rom it but is 85 cm long when a weight of 180 N hangs from it. What is the “spring” constant k of this e3b9*q:fkt x i3r8rkbk lastic cord?    N/m

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25#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The springs of a 1500-kg car comp,g+ 44r2u rv -bzp(3 9vveppd mro*vckress 5.0 mm when its 68-kg driver gets into the driver’s seat. If the car goes over a bump, what will be the frequency o vep2rp vc *r94o4,+3k-pdzguvv( bmrf vibrations?$\approx$    Hz

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26#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A fisherman’s scale stretches 3.6 cm when a 2.7-kg fish hangs yo;kshg 5 e0in*:o ha+from it. (a) What is the spring stiffness constano +0 ks :neg5ia;hyoh*t $\approx$    N/m
(b) what will be the amplitude and frequency of vibration if the fish is pulled down 2.5 cm more and released so that it vibrates up and down? $\approx$    Hz (round to one decimal place)

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27#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An elastic cord vibrates with a frequency of 3.0 Hz when a mass of 0.60 kg iecm /oc; pqbl1hevx pe:8ki91 k.ie;8s hung from it. What is its frequency if only 0.38 kgm pkb :.ikee1;ixelc 189/ch;oqevp8 hangs from it?    Hz

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28#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Construct a Table indicating the position x of the mass in Fig.w . rf le jo;n);z2fecdc))lr( 11–2 at times t )orf.df;zlr ew 2 cj ;))le(cn= 0,t = $\frac{1}{4}T$,$\frac{1}{2}T$,$\frac{3}{4}T$,T and $\frac{5}{4}T$,where T is the period of oscillation. On a graph of x vs. t, plot these six points. Now connect these points with a smooth curve. Based on these simple considerations, does your curve resemble that of a cosine or sine wave (Fig. 11–8a or 11–9)?

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A small fly of mass 0.25 g is caught in a spider’s web. The web vibbo zkiz58rk053st xb7 rates predominately with brobsi5x5kt37 0zk 8za frequency of 4.0 Hz.
(a) What is the value of the effective spring stiffness constant k for the web?$\approx$    N/m (round to two decimal place)
(b) At what frequency would you expect the web to vibrate if an insect of mass 0.50 g were trapped?    Hz

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass m at the end of a spring vibrates with a frequencyzr-yhzz dna;- *(th,l *aa1nq of 0.88 Hz. When an additiona a h--(nnt1l qz*yazdza*h; ,rl 680-g mass is added to m, the frequency is 0.60 Hz. What is the value of m?    kg

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 0.60-kg mass at the end of a spring vibrates 3.0 times per sd.o *bpui1 0hzf 4zw 9e57:cayiojny8econd with an amplitude of 0.13 m. Determinpb4y h05i i*z y: cn7wz1f .o8aj9uodee
(a) the velocity when it passes the equilibrium point,$\approx$    m/s(round to one decimal place)
(b) the velocity when it is 0.10 m from equilibrium, $\approx$ ±    m/s(round to one decimal place)
(c) the total energy of the system,$\approx$    J(round to one decimal place)
(d) the equation describing the motion of the mass, assuming that x was a maximum at x = (0.13π)cos(  πt)

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what displacement from equilibrium is the speed of a nkfi:)gx(2vn7 wm al(n+0xj oSHO half the maximum valiox fx0n)g(:lnkm 2 w7v n+ja(ue?$\approx$    A

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33#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A mass attached to the end of ms43m lstn+,a55iqyn a spring is stretched a distance $x_0$ from equilibrium and released. At what distance from equilibrium will it have acceleration equal to half its maximum acceleration?
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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass of 2.62 kg stretches a vertical spring 0.315 mfk-flstk6 -.i. If the spring is stretched ifstk.-fl6- kan additional 0.130 m and released, how long does it take to reach the (new) equilibrium position again?    s

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An object with mass 3.0 kg is attached to a spring wit po /pqb9mk6p6d(ou cq+fm i8(h spring stiffness constant k = 280 N/mbd/q( p8ou pik+m c(6fom9 6qp and is executing simple harmonic motion. When the object is 0.020 m from its equilibrium position, it is moving with a speed of 0.55 m/s
(a) Calculate the amplitude of the motion.    m
(b) Calculate the maximum velocity attained by the object.$\approx$    m/s (round to two decimal place)[Hint: Use conservation of energy.]

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It takes a force of 80.0 N to compress7;i.oy)s3rs kpyrb e.t /mwiu- vm 2t1 the spring of a toy popgun 0.200 m to “load” a 0.180-kg ball. With what speed will se- 73.rmiovmkpy1ttsburw ) ./;y i2 the ball leave the gun?    m/s

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass sitting on a horizontal, frictionless surfcai1c ami8oct2r.y ;: ace is attached to one end of a spring; the other end is fixed to a wall. 3.0 J oc1.ti ;ya8ma:c2c r iof work is required to compress the spring by 0.12 m. If the mass is released from rest with the spring compressed, the mass experiences a maximum acceleration of 15 $m/s^2$ Find the value of
(a) the spring stiffness constant    N/m
(b) the mass.$\approx$    kg

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 0.60-kg mass vibrates according to the equation x = 0.45cog9*mabn mr/xo 4o3ey5/r f6a ds6.4t where x is in meters and t is d5x y/4ao/gme9mnr*r 3ab6o f in seconds. Determine
(a) the amplitude,    m
(b) the frequency, $\approx$    J(round to two decimal place)
(c) the total energy, $\approx$    J(round to one decimal place)
(d) the kinetic energy and potential energies when $\approx$    J(round to one decimal place)

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what displacement from equilibrium is the energy of a SHO half KE/741slut1a1dt n+ygkqbsi6 c and half PE? 1k6qs7s /ybdl1nat u 4t1+gci±    A

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If one vibration has 7.0 times the energy of a second, but their(dsoy *.4xrn ptmm u41 frequencies and masserx(*muy n.p4omds 14 ts are the same, what is the ratio of their amplitudes?   

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 2.00-kg pumpkin oscillates frowa jk2hsle;8e rww4)0 m a vertically hanging light spring once every 0.65 s0 82;ers4 ewwakhlw j).
(a) Write down the equation giving the pumpkin’s position y (+ upward) as a function of time t, assuming it started by being compressed 18 cm from the equilibrium position (where ), and released. y = (   m)cos($\frac{2\pi t}{0.65s}$)
(b) How long will it take to get to the equilibrium position for the first time?    s
(c) What will be the pumpkin’s maximum speed?    m/s
(d) What will be its maximum acceleration, and where will that first be attained?   $m/s^2 $

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42#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A block of mass m is sup ,yvl1-:lj xltvs *.g- zoo3jdported by two identical parallel vertical springs, each with spring ,o-ll s*v z:j vglyt 3o-xd1.jstiffness constant k (Fig. 11–49). What will be the frequency of vibration?
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43#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 300-g mass vibrates according to the equation x = 0.38sin6.5t where x isnv/v -b16wo ux in meters andv -xu /v1bw6no t is in seconds. Determine
(a) the amplitude,    m
(b) the frequency,    Hz
(c) the period,    s
(d) the total energy, $\approx$    J
(e) the KE and PE when x is 9.0 cm.$E_{potential}$ =    J $E_{kinetic}$ =    J($E_{kinetic}$round to two decimal place)
(f) Draw a careful graph of x vs. t showing the correct amplitude and period.

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44#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Figure 11–50 shows two examples of SH( b(9k(jc:6hwndcoq ym2 2ic qM, labeled A and B. For each, what is
(a) the amplitude,$A_A$ =    m $A_B$ =    m
(b) the frequency, $f_A$ =    Hz $f_B$ =    Hz
(c) the period? $T_A$ =    s $T_B$ =    s
(d) Write the equations for both A and B in the form of a sine or cosine.$x_A$ = (    m) sin($\frac{\pi}{2}t$) $x_B$ = (    m)cos ($\pi$t)


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45#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At a 755-g mass at rest on theme;ej3u 6xn sm99pl7 i end of a horizontal spring (k = 124 N/m) is struck by a hammer, which gives the mass an init3p;umnxej 6ms97 ile9ial speed of 2.96m/s Determine
(a) the period and frequency of the motion,    s    Hz
(b) the amplitude,    m
(c) the maximum acceleration,    $m/s^2$
(d) the position as a function of time, x = (    m)sin(4.08$\pi$t)
(e) the total energy.    J

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A vertical spring with spring stiffness constant 305 N/m vibrates with an ampl to eptnm*x+8t(,x8l hitude of 28.0 cm when 0.260 kg hangs from it. The mass passes through the equilibrium point (x=0) with positive velocity x8ehlo*p+( t,nm8 t xtat
(a) What equation describes this motion as a function of time?
(b) At what times will the spring have its maximum and minimum extensions?
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47#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A mass m is connected to two springs, with spring stiffness wjbwn2yv1 q/0 constants $k_1$ and $k_2$ as shown in Fig. 11–51. Ignore friction. Show that the period is given by
T=2 $\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k_{1}+k_{2}}}$ .

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 25.0-g bullet strikes a 0v0xwz7s o5msd*f,*m f .600-kg block attached to a fixed horizontal spring whose spring ssf*d m mzx*7w,s 5of0vtiffness constant is $ 7.7\times10^{3 }$ N/m The block is set into vibration with an amplitude of 21.5 cm. What was the speed of the bullet before impact if the bullet and block move together after impact?    m/s

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bungee jumper with mass 65.09z2o ijx86u-ek c8r*0jna w em kg jumps from a high bridge. After reaching his lowest point, he oscillates up and down, hitting a low point eight more times in 38.0 s. He finally comes to rest 25.0 m below the level of the bridge. Calculate the spring stiffness constant and the unstretched length of un 9 6ri 8j*m0kcxo2-8eeawjzthe bungee cord.
spring stiffness constant$\approx$    N/m(Round to the nearest integer)
unstretched length of the bungee cord    m

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A pendulum makes 36 vibrations in exactly 60 s. What is it med sz-mdm6n2r14e)vs
(a) period,    s/cycle
(b) frequency?   Hz

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51#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How long must a simple pendulum be if it is to make exactly ones2wgue ,x9vwgvv929y swing per second? (That is, one complete vibration takes exactly 2.0 sv 2 w9guvsg9x ew,yv92.)    m

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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A pendulum has a period lg0dm.qaj) 2q*zfvd+ao j/ 2u of 0.80 s on Earth. What is its period on Mars, where the/j oua20 *jmg2+dz aqfl.v)qd acceleration of gravity is about 0.37 that on Earth?    s

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the period of a sim vd+,*r 5j: 7agzalwqyple pendulum 80 cm long
(a) on the Earth,    s
(b) when it is in a freely falling elevator?

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The length of a simple pendulum is 0.760 m, the pendulum d0 yw6f01rhpzbob has a mass of 365 grams,fw0 y1d0rzh6p and it is released at an angle of 12.0 $^{\circ} $ to the vertical.
(a) With what frequency does it vibrate? Assume SHM. $\approx$    Hz(round to three decimal place)
(b) What is the pendulum bob’s speed when it passes through the lowest point of the swing?    m/s
(c) What is the total energy stored in this oscillation, assuming no losses?    J

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Your grandfather clock’s pendulum has a lengwmi9t3pxlj-;i+ - letth of 0.9930 m. If the clock loses half a minux3ti- +w;eil9p- lm jtte per day, how should you adjust the length of the pendulum? shortened by    mm.

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56#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Derive a formula for the maximum spee2 f9byod7gtf +vq6o3hd $v_{max}$ of a simple pendulum bob in terms of g, the length L, and the angle of swing $\theta_{0}$
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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A clock pendulum oscilla:o57-usf:nr3w vo sq wtes at a frequency of 2.5 Hz. At it is released from rest starting at :n5 3q-w fsv wo:7suroan angle of 15 $^{\circ} $ to the vertical. Ignoring friction, what will be the position (angle) of the pendulum at
(a) t = 0.25 s ,    $^{\circ} $
(b) t = 1.60 s ,    $^{\circ} $
(c) t = 500 s ?    $^{\circ} $
[Hint: Do not confuse the angle of swing $\theta$ of the pendulum with the angle that appears as the argument of the cosine.]

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A fisherman notices that wave crests pass thyf i2.1)dwlx we bow of his anchored boat every 3.0 s. He measures the distance between two crests to b wdiyl f1.2x)we 6.5 m. How fast are the waves traveling?    m/s

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sound wave in air has a fre4kg l9,u- klesquency of 262 Hz and travels with a speed of 343 m/s How fa kk9-gl,uel s4r apart are the wave crests (compressions)?    m

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) AM radio signals have frequencies between 550 kHz and 1600 kH3;of)mhbktd3 z (kilohertz) ah)3; b mdkt3ofnd travel with a speed of $ 3\times10^{8 }$ m/s What are the wavelengths of these signals?    m to    m(b) On FM, the frequencies range from 88.0 MHz to 108 MHz (megahertz) and travel at the same speed; what are their wavelengths?   m to    m

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the speed of longitudinal /,fwcazq o6,rwaves in
(a) water,    m/s
(b) granite,    m/s
(c) steel.    m/s

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two solid rods have the same elastic 9 0 ka u:r.58bdppinww0mt8ccmodulus, but one is twice as dense as the other. In which rod will ur0 wa5d mkpnbw:8ip80c c9 .tthe speed of longitudinal waves be greater, and by what factor?   

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cord of mass 0.65 kg is stretched between two supports5 lf 4 zgiq+zr8uh8 xn0;ob:sv 28 m apart. If the tension;r g5f0:8nhs z8xlu+zbov i4q in the cord is 150 N, how long will it take a pulse to travel from one support to the other?    s

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A ski gondola is connected to the top of a hill by a steel cable of lengb/0cl *ppqu(wk7 n0x rth 620 m and diameter 1.5 cm. As the gondola comes to the end of its run, it bumps into the terminal and sends a wave pulse along the cable. It is obsenc*qpp w70l0 (kr/bxurved that it took 16 s for the pulse to return.
(a) What is the speed of the pulse? (Round to the nearest integer)$\approx$    m/s
(b) What is the tension in the cable?    N

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sailor strikes the side of his sh-jb; g.bnet t6ip just below the surface of the sea. He hears the echo of the wave reflected from the ocean floor directly below 3.0 s later. How deep is the n;b-6 .gjbte tocean at this point?    m

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  P and S waves from an earthquake travel at different speed8gtv*yv,wf4vb1 v2zxs, and this difference helps in locating the earthquake “epicenter” (where the disturba*fyvgv x2,vvz8tw1 4bnce took place).
(a) Assuming typical speeds of 8.5km/s and 5.5km/s for P and S waves, respectively, how far away did the earthquake occur if a particular seismic station detects the arrival of these two types of waves 2.0 min apart?    km
(b) Is one seismic station sufficient to determine the position of the epicenter? Explain.

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An earthquake-produced surface wave can be approximated byvxo+ru .( y5qy a sinusoidal transverse wave. Assuming a frequency of 0.50 Hz (typical of earthquakes, which actually include a mixture of frequencies), what amplitude is needed so that objects begin to leave contact with the ground? [Hint: Set the acceler xyq.u5 ov(+ryation a>g]    m

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the ratio of (a) the intensities, and (b) the amjjkbtx(a y vf5.4dpet;cg* (g8 / vhq2plitudes, of an earthquake P wave passing through the Earth and detected a ;8 p.gtd 4(j*/2kyv( qgb5 cvhfatjext two points 10 km and 20 km from the source?(a)    (b)   

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The intensity of an earthquake 0: gsqj3dww 8kwave passing through the Earth is measured to be 0kdgjww3 q 8s:$ 2\times10^{6 }J/m^2$ at a distance of 48 km from the source.
(a) What was its intensity when it passed a point only 1.0 km from the source?(round to one decimal place)$\approx$    $ \times10^{9 }W/m^2$
(b) At what rate did energy pass through an area of $5m^2$ at 1.0 km?    $ \times10^{10 }W$

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two earthquake waves of the same frequency travel through the same portion nlm0oky;p7 w :nh9w)aof the Earth, but one is carrying twice the energy. What is the ratio of the amplitudes of the two wa; p7nwmyloh)0k:na9wves?   

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two waves traveling alongr3 ,i9buy j1f4dnpurv/d 6tp5 a stretched string have the same frequency, but one transports three times the power of the other. What is the ratio of the amplitudes of the two wavest15pr3dj9/ punur6v4 b y, fdi?   

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bug on the surface qg.jgi 9y8bw)of a pond is observed to move up and down a total vertical distance of 6.0 cm, from the lowest to the highest point, as a wave passes. If the ripples decrease to 4.5 cm, by what factor does the bug’s maximum KE change? b w j.q)ggy9i8  

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73#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The two pulses shown in Fig. 11–52 are moving toward 7wh,6okfhbq2 each other. (a) Sketch the shape of the string at the moment they directly overlap. (b) Sketch the shape of the string a few moment7hk fb6ho ,wq2s later. (c) In Fig. 11–36a, at the moment the pulses pass each other, the string is straight. What has happened to the energy at this moment?

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a violin string vibrates at z74fmxugshdh*jc 4 z8 o)k/jri99ll0440 Hz as its fundamental frequency, what are the frequencies of the first j4jfs/90x gc87hrul 9d* lzh 4)k iozmfour harmonics?$f_1$ =    Hz $f_2$=    Hz $f_3 $ =    Hz $f_4 $=    Hz

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A violin string vibrates at 294 Hz when unfi(2a dxogk.)l hngered. At what frequency will it vibrate if it is fingered one-third of the way.a)g(h2k l odx down from the end? (That is, only two-thirds of the string vibrates as a standing wave.)    Hz

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A particular string resonates in four loops at a frequency of 2a p shtu6//rwck-eiab 0f5 t9pdm0)o b8bw;2s 80 Hz. Name at least three other frequencies at wf6hd //aew;sa sb0tp2 ou )8ik59br- p0tmc wbhich it will resonate. $f_1$ =    Hz $f_2$ =    Hz $f_3 $ =    Hz $f_5 $ =    Hz

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The velocity of waves on a string is 92m/s If the fk-((.iyrg08bkkq v hmrequency of standing waves is 475 Hz, howkr y( hi-v.qb m80(gkk far apart are two adjacent nodes?   m

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If two successive overtones of a vibrating string are 280 Hz and 350 Hz, what isr6 iy uk41a ictt ,31rdx7gzc0 the frequez1d73r6 4ctr y kigut,i1acx0ncy of the fundamental?    Hz

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A guitar string is 90 cm long and has a mass of 3.6 g. wm:2fx -co /oqThe distance from the bridge to the supporwqo/ -:mc x2oft post is L = 62cm and the string is under a tension of 520 N. What are the frequencies of the fundamental and first two overtones?    Hz

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80#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A particular guitar string is supposed tae* pi ;yiiyz/2mc pf1n(i 9*no vibrate at 200 Hz, but it is measured to vibrate at 205 Hz. By what percent should the tension in thnn/z (a29icyip i1 y *;ipfem*e string be changed to correct the frequency?So the three frequencies are,    Hz    Hz    Hz to 2 significant figures.

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81#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A particular guitar string is supposed to vibrate at 200 Hz, but it is m.frr :/ewq,3s vg2i vmeasured to vibratewr3g.i q,svrfvme/ 2: at 205 Hz. By what percent should the tension in the string be changed to correct the frequency? decreased by    %

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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One end of a horizontal string is attached to a small-amplitude mechanical 60q;22cwu wl(( oga-60pt/xlobdoup 4 r-Hz vibrator. The string’s mass per unit 0o(o-lrc2wq wt au ; 6pl obp4dx/g2(ulength is $3.9 \times10^{ -4}$ kg/m The string passes over a pulley, a distance L = 1.50 m away, and weights are hung from this end, Fig. 11–53. What mass m must be hung from this end of the string to produce
(a) one loop,(round to one decimal place) $\approx$    kg
(b) two loops,    kg
(c) five loops of a standing wave? Assume the string at the vibrator is a node, which is nearly true.   kg



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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In Problem 59, the length of the string may be adjusted by moving the pulleyv38c(m(t jm 6+se erq sigg)e). If the hanging mass m is fixed at 0.080 kg, how many different m(i6e ) e+sm(g js gvtec3q)r8standing wave patterns may be achieved by varying L between 10 cm and 1.5 m?   

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When you slosh the wat +f pzke)-lc4aws:fq7er back and forth in a tub at just the right frequency, the water alternately rises and falls at each end, remaining relatively calm at the center. Suppose the frequency to produce such a standing wave in a 65-cm-wide tub is 0.85 Hz. What is the speed of the water )w 4fk-:e +7qzclpafswave?    m/s

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An earthquake P wave traveling at k.0 km/sqno8fuo :3 :;a odmh.x strikes a boundary within the Earth between two kinds of material. Ifx.::;h 3uo omqdon8af it approaches the boundary at an incident angle of 47 $^{\circ} $ and the angle of refraction is 35 $^{\circ} $, what is the speed in the second medium?    km/s

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86#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Water waves approach an unhu+hau* )x 0raderwater “shelf” where the velocity changes from 2.8 m/s+)h a*x0uhau r to 2.1 m/s If the incident wave crests make a 34$^{\circ} $ angle with the shelf, what will be the angle of refraction?    $^{\circ} $

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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sound wave is traveling in warm air when it fdvrb0ak35x+ 7r sub4n,)v dwhits a layer of cold, dense air. If the sound wave hits the cold v f x abwv5ksnrbdd,7ur)+3 40air interface at an angle of 25$^{\circ} $, what is the angle of refraction? Assume that the cold air temperature is $ - 10 ^{\circ} C$. and the warm air temperature is $ + 10 ^{\circ} C$. The speed of sound as a function of temperature can be approximated by v=(331+0.60T) m/s where T is in $ -10 ^{\circ} C$.    $^{\circ} $

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88#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A longitudinal earthquake wav joe22f pj,w,ve strikes a boundary between two types of rock at ajowjvef2 2p, , 38 $^{\circ} $ angle. As the wave crosses the boundary, the specific gravity of the rock changes from 3.6 to 2.8. Assuming that the elastic modulus is the same for both types of rock, determine the angle of refraction.    $^{\circ} $

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89#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A satellite dish is about 0.5 m in diameter. According to the user’s mz+wzpts*5l vao 90:wnanual, the dish has to be pointed in the direction of the satellite, but an error of about 2w:lzsvw +a0*9zno p5 t $^{\circ} $ is allowed without loss of reception. Estimate the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves received by the dish.    m

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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tsunami of wavelengqe1x/k5nt o :rth 250 km and velocity 750 km/h travels across the Pacific Ocean. As it approaches Hawaii, people observe an unusual decrease of sea level in the harbors. Approximately how much 5 r1oqntekx: /time do they have to run to safety? (In the absence of knowledge and warning, people have died during tsunamis, some of them attracted to the shore to see stranded fishes and boats.)    min

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An energy-absorbing car bumper has a sprin y jqwcy6xt+h,9 mk.u*g stiffness constant of 550 kN/m Find the maximum compression of the bumper if the car, with mass 1500 kg, collides with a wall at a speed of hyj+, w69t*qck xuym. 2.2 m/s (approximately 5 mi/h). [Hint: Use conservation of energy.]    m

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 65-kg person jumps from a window to a fire net 18 m below, uxe4,k to5dn -which stretches the net 1.1 m. Assume that the net behaves like a u4t ,5d-eonxksimple spring, and
(a) calculate how much it would stretch if the same person were lying in it.    m
(b) How much would it stretch if the person jumped from 35 m?    m

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mass m is gently placed on the end of a freely cardp66d8xn :sj1ac; hanging spring. The mass then falls 33 cm be6c :pna;ca1dx rd86 sjfore it stops and begins to rise. What is the frequency of the oscillation?    Hz

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 950-kg car strikes ep:*, a9x6g jgpduz9 ahl e;s*a huge spring at a speed of 22 m/s (Fig. 11–54), compressing the spring 5.0 m. (a) What is t le;g a6p*9:es 9 ,hua*zgdxjphe spring stiffness constant of the spring?    N/m (b) How long is the car in contact with the spring before it bounces off in the opposite direction?    s


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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When you walk with a cup of coffee (diameter 8 cm) at ju3 uph7rz(tk6 cs vb*8qst the right pace of about 1 step per second, the coffee sloshes more and more until eventually it starts to spill over the top (Fig. 11–55). Esp u*3zbs6 ctk8rhv7( qtimate the speed of waves in the coffee.    cm/s

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The ripples in a certain groove 18 6e+dd3i 2wpftqepp40.8 cm from the center of a 33-rpm phonograph record have a wavelength epf4+tq8e d3p d6wip2 of 1.70 mm. What will be the frequency of the sound emitted?    Hz

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 2.00-kg mass vibrates )ggtq f irn+le 0:-s 5q+5rlyvaccording to the equation x=0.650cos7.40t where x is in meters and t in seconds.yg5)0rr+ vli+:nelq sgf -qt5 Determine
(a) the amplitude,    m
(b) the frequency,(round to two decimal place)$\approx$    Hz
(c) the total energy,(round to one decimal place)$\approx$    J
(d) the kinetic energy and potential energy when x=0.260 m.(round to one decimal place) PE$\approx$    J KE =    J

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A simple pendulum oscillates with frequency f. What m ewk+c-bd2/ )0 fx+;sws. otckat.biis its frequency if it accelerates at 0/ ).kbs;xww+0+- tm2. seckiad tofcb.50g (a) upward,    f
(b) downward?    f

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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 220-kg wooden raft floats on a lakd)yvgai5f* 0ml2fj/zv(sw 1 m e. When a 75-kg man stands on the raft, it sinks 4.0 cm deeper into the wate *ma wdvyig/ 1szf0lj25v(m) fr. When he steps off, the raft vibrates for a while.
(a) What is the frequency of vibration?(round to one decimal place) $\approx$    Hz
(b) What is the total energy of vibration (ignoring damping)?(Round to the nearest intege) $\approx$    J

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two strings on a musical instrument aaj/i*ns fl, g8 t3fnjpq,)l );hs qk.ma5:w sqre tuned to play at 392 Hz (G) and 440 Hz (A)lqs3f a,ts8s gf : n*/pj)j)aqkqh w,.mi5;nl.
(a) What are the frequencies of the first two overtones for each string? G : $f_2$=    Hz $f_3$=    Hz A : $f_2$=    Hz $f_3$=    Hz
(b) If the two strings have the same length and are under the same tension, what is the ratio of their masses ($m_{\mathrm{G}}/m_{\mathrm{A}}$)   
(c) If the strings instead have the same mass per unit length and are under the same tension, what is the ratio of their lengths($L_{\mathrm{G}}/L_{\mathrm{A}}$)   
(d) If their masses and lengths are the same, what must be the ratio of the tensions in the two strings?   

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101#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider a sine wave traveling down the stretchc2+s,ny bcfjlldud 6y02hy1/ ed two-part cord of Fig. 11–33. Determine a formula (a) for the ratio of the speeds of the wave in the heavy section versu1sc2 2+u, dfyyh 0jln/ylc6db s that in the lighter section, and (b) for the ratio of the wavelengths in the two sections. (The frequency is the same in both sections. Why?) (c) Is the wavelength greater in the heavier section of cord or the lighter?

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tuning fork vibrates at a 7em 8luvoz7 i6frequency of 264 Hz, and the tip of each prong moves 1.8 mm to either side of cem6 oi7euv 87zlnter. Calculate
(a) the maximum speed    m/s
(b) the maximum acceleration of the tip of a prong.    $m/s^2$

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103#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A diving board oscillates with simple harmonir-iw zc71d x3ec motion of frequency 1.5 cycles per secoe7cr1 xz-3diw nd. What is the maximum amplitude with which the end of the board can vibrate in order that a pebble placed there (Fig. 11–56) will not lose contact with the board during the oscillation?
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104#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A string can have a “xnuakvq6fm)3 a aw5 m0q (ur80 6r5sfzfree” end if that end is attached to a ring that can slide without friction on a vertical pole (Fig. 11–57). Determine the wavelengths of the resonant vibrations of such a string with one 8mus 0rfan3qa5v6zq5u0 a rf6mkw)(x end fixed and the other free.

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A “seconds” pendulum has a period of exactly 2.03 n;),q ueqz k2rtk2yd00 s — each one-way swing takes 1.zedrq)u23 yq,; t2 knk000 s.
(a) What is the length of a seconds pendulum in Austin, Texas, where $g=9.793\mathrm{m/s}^{2}$    m
(b) If the pendulum is moved to Paris, where $g=9.809\mathrm{m/s}^{2}$ by how many millimeters must we lengthen the pendulum?    mm
(c) What would be the length of a seconds pendulum on the Moon, where $g=1.62\mathrm{m/s}^{2}$    m

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106#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A mass hanging from a spring can oscillate in the vertical direc.s;m -tls1lvk n)z/ rmtion or can swing as a pendulum of small amplitude, but not both at the same time. Which one is longer, the period of the verticall1nlzrs ./s;)mmvk- t oscillations or the period of the horizontal swings, and by what amount? [Hint: Let $l_0$ be the length of the unstretched spring, and L be its length with the mass attached at rest.]
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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A block with mass $M=5.0\mathrm{kg}$ rests on a frictionless table and is attached by a horizontal spring $\begin{pmatrix}k=130\mathrm{N/m}\end{pmatrix}$ to a wall. A second block, of mass $m=1.25\mathrm{kg}$ rests on top of M. The coefficient of static friction between the two blocks is 0.30. What is the maximum possible amplitude of oscillation such that m will not slip off M?    m

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 10.0-m-long wire of mass 123 g is stretched under a tension of 255 N. A pulseopx e)p7:7 i+o t xj.cf1wnj r.n.g5hr is generated at one end, and 20.0 ms later a second pulse is generated at the oppositjgo ce. 5p.7)1whxo7:j i nrn.r+ pfxte end. Where will the two pulses first meet?    m

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109#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A block of mass M is suspended from a ceiling by a spring with spring gse 1 8z01s5r9t udcl rnazi:4stiffness constant k. A penny of mass m is placed on top of the block. What is the maximum amplitude of osciritn9 4 ulg:zs8 s105a er1dzcllations that will allow the penny to just stay on top of the block? (Assume $m \ll M$)
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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A crane has hoisted a 12ojlo:uzd/l / *m2: vdx00-kg car at the junkyard. The steel crane cable is 22 m long and has a diameter of 6.4 mm. A breeze starts the car bouncingo lzu d:2vmdjolx/: /* at the end of the cable. What is the period of the bouncing? [Hint: Refer to Table 9–1.]    s

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A block of jello rests on a plate as shown in Figzsfy(1e :m0 lctu5ty -. 11–58 (which also gives the dimensions of thy-e:u5y s1mzft0l (tc e block). You push it sideways as shown, and then you let go. The jello springs back and begins to vibrate. In analogy to a mass vibrating on a spring, estimate the frequency of this vibration, given that the shear modulus (Section 9–5) of jello is 520 $N/m^2$ and its density is 1300 $kg/m^3$    Hz



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