Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat ene*xc 8mnm+md7u;+sps7q : wscdrgy?

  The amount of heat necessaryf yuntr7c06 6x to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is referre8)+bqgxnyswbw/q6 2h d to aswb6)s nb+/qh8 wqyxg2

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the tegyaw a9q57wl+-yfy : imperature T and the internal energy U of the 5fi+la97:qgayy-yw wwater, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal garihd-x*f( 6uns depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half tb/ extd4s :qg:4r ti.hr/qp,ohe initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of qsdr4e po: btgx,/.rt/ i h:q4the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy 0 rbiqb8 s(26+xbbm aqU at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary dv -o8fjz ra suf:002furastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity than ironi*hz564bexpwfni3 4. 0eo rxv . Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initialr 4xxfo6v5 ewpz.ne4bi h3 i*0ly in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is mq .sqpw br8o48ade up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more tha8 .q4bsqw8 pron double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a ry v,yye(g+-kkuo vj1*nh 5 y)substance from the solid to the liquid state is referred to as the-1eu(gvjvyy n y,)oh*k ryk5 +

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to qp. xbi fdj.iecm(5ulo.p-b4z,: zc+ the vapor state is referred to uql ip5zmp( 4..bdb+ x-eocic. ,jfz: as the

  If heat is added to a pure s sr j8;n2azkn7ubstance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezesukx)mgg8; c) l

  When a liquid evapora5u w- v6l7vjmjtes

  When a vapor condenses)-5mnk krplpv dpj, )ih1ta 8z7*7qh n

  In a cloud formation, w+xok , --*y +kpmwtabkg:m5toater vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the ai-k xowp: -5k,tokmtmay+*b g +r in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of p 0v7:qar w5gmkzv0 f7/ ;5p;izkhzqq boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water at 90tz/f,edt)64 mc j z;ekrijj $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heaw .-),e2bxyhelged(t bdg1e3+mk+y mt flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to asbkw eh b12tem+3e d) +.eg d,mylg(-yx

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot wjz*z j*d-f7dzk) 9iqzhen the other end i *q zizzf-dd*z7 jk9j)s placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touc9x eic0bjp7dg 5,q.m, t:zfhpm f6-um h than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical prop ,t xfdp cm-.0p9hf,u5mzmgb7q:6j ie erty?

  If you double the thickness of a wall builts h.o2;uc 2lvnbql20 i from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature differencecuq2os .ll0nh ib ;2v2 across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermb5xx 3cb ,f9vfg ;4hwial conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thiwv 4i,g3f5hx9cbx f ;bckness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules fr,7zxoq- qjxp2x; un0kc6 ,qa.8wf jw qom one place to another is referred on , x c7xzw,w.kq6 u02pqjx;j 8-aqqfto as

  By what primary heat transyksiql22s:* s1enk71tg: qavs *k x7 sfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur3vxx .(dur5s x

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important to humanbsz393cnp8rpn a4 q(ns in maintaining suitns3 n(3rpzb8pa94q c nable body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the ace dva fm k,*n6/.j.lsjceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is tm/l da6 k v*j.,f.nesjrue about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same materials. One))idrxf c58vy of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Undervi)8dcxy rf) 5 identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of cu/ s5( )rkebv)n :hpea radiator is doubled, by what factor does the rack un:(eb r5vsh /)p)ediating power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of anync*xl dapkuig((-;fhk0 9fi- medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth? /sg4 shxipzv10 p)n+y

  1700 J of work is equivalent qqg2l8h t;y3 uc) vtn*to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equixhed8a,:s.1q i oqkz 4valent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the tempz0wzc *-biu) (y7 tqwterature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting vwwy cac.(j7)temperature changew (ccjayvw 7.)?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is 9x)2i t wylcc*originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of material b 1e62sv8mxo3o6e4z/ua 9zfk8gxk uf:njj i,sy $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath watekb/uz dj-cq u(/f7b-m.u/bj er by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of ira zy,d r1x 5:qcpoj(y.on and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is addez,y xypr:.od5 (1jcq ad to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is d9 84z btxyb*hheated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, inv- uxm2zpzs(0d 4s; tkitially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at u*/axmv9t ai smd9vy w2n8 i.2$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system thaoej fqpv,pas)8zx 143t is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One objzqfe4v, 3ja) 8ps xp1oect has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relations,40it5c mvyjfs)dgpi / foz4 9hips between various forms of energy by measuring the impz95g4cy)t/0d, f sf4 joiv rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance eankndwh wpu8*rt pu:2.y y933h3d6aof 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does t . y6kwh ah2u33p3ydn9nt:eup a8wr*dhe water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 k2r+qnasr(h)+f*jeqs7f8 joh W. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank fro fa 87rj*(2q+erh)so+fjshnqm $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. +/jfqrbz k:)(b ) begrkh8 r4zHow long will it take to heat 20 kg of wate 8gr+ z(r)kr:b b/kj4b)efqz hr from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mat genfh; x:* ) )as1vj8,nvt hnsyj57wss 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heap q w6pgu sjvt70mr(4,t = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removev,e lvj6d,jaioxt.rk2z.f (o 1ko 8e +d from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How mut;5qz9 mcyc8y 2 ycwg;ch heat is required to melt5tcyc9q mycg8yzw;2 ; 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy jcd hck (kx9awy*-zthp+w/1e 7 l q:zmd)5kr9is needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be re70de. 0d bhl.xb7 kzel4 uzm7h0mn*semoved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice isw1d7 y8 oxti*m 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water i)fs q7i/ r*odinitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water ate* ug pb /e7z ;mg0/hbt;e3pij $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy i w5le, ws 5npk88e :+onprcpv6s needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gram obsxle8pk7( 7 df $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requirf ;v* e)hpj he/5 h/earj61gwfed to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice teaaody7/.o 4 bcn d*snv. by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat 1dul yd7 2jzgxqq8n ,2of vaporization is 207 kc zgqynd7j 2q u2x8l1d,al/kg, and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivhr z(lxr7awvu6,t 0e3ity of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (oneb kq34n.fbukb2yo5i 4m;;nqi aluminum and the other brass) are joined tk4iqmn b5qbu o.fi;3;2yn bk4ogether end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has q5iyqg m(;yy0tyu79j dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperatujq 5;gytqmyu i0( y9y7re is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. Iox :e--9 tlxczzxm:ht * tmetz+bbj/b;4r63df the outside teme t:x-h/6:r xbz l b+ed czx;bot9-3zjt *mm4tperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m e6k5tnti m+4hh 3wzw,me oau t-hu+6,section of concrete w, oh 6+w6t5ie,ku 3ahmm e-t+zn 4uht($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat throughg6bph3 )p- kmh a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000k 4o7nklh(0 pe.m-3ut1 aygsx,o+ys b kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refo89t,lx eeuc 2ining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted , u e29olxct8ethrough a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human bod,-slda jdj52ci:ftad 3 oewt/g7,g n 1y radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists le10gh i sniw3ncll46q0 4 yg*ca1 u9-i gy1kvinside a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.