Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat :v jaoy+( i0yv)x+ue swj -c2uenergy?

  The amount of heat necessary to ra/6p;wpytn. e b2 nq9jgise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average prz d2 jj8 pyh /4bcl11awyqfi*)fp2.kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to ajy1ahbw8pzlj2 qi .f)d4fr 2/1py* cps

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the l(ug xgi 4ta.tbf1; -ptemperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the 1-( i4 .t gf;gpaltuxbcup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depend50 n:o1vyk rkgf zax:j2/ .xsis on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its voly7+gnfd2.tk eyv8*ji zahq8 o4f, :qfume is half the initial volume, and then it is :2+oy * 4nt,qhv7gq 8k8 j.fiff aedzyallowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal eney-yb bu2hubu cizf 09u0*k.t-rgy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures ds 2pk55yk-pea wcfr(. o not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a high+,cb1p :w* sto1yhayzv2 h3uier specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is adpc :ovhazi+31su,y *twh 1 2ybded to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a c.11f-)riu wzyonr ze*old piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat - uzz11i)nrr y.ow ef*during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a slpgbe225 p, k6 qiey,)ard;d 1avta w+ubstance from the solid to the liquid state is referred to irwq,l, ag25k e2p+dd6a ep)v;1b aytas the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is rspz3d8),yhq 2a*m hqseferred to as8ahd ,qp 3zh)*ssy2q m the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at 6:klhogi lm7 4cq74nk a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes2 fq i*7art9jf5g;aqv/7 y 1exy*)l)mbskifb

  When a liquid evaporatw6/.hv7 v rq.g:ise lres

  When a vapor condensz37msgm5 m4 ky3 6r, lewp/ujkes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condense h89i .xj(lceks into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the 8ci9 .khl(ejx clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boilingrw5w yf; ap8jn5/,llc water causes

  Equal masses of wate+rr5k5a 5 iv(cl9( iydsis83s xgi.bor at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular c4mupc 9uah-cye 84se,ollisions is referred to aeh 84,9 cys-acupu4mes

  By what primary heat 3h1mf h1q(tld6j8u vbd8x0u ktransfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in h0kj8 6fuv (lu38x dmqth1bd1 a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than +bv1h-u gy(w/hmh)pdloa o53a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physicbhy/gu1+5a)p(- o h3wmdv holal property?

  If you double the thihb.y/n i1jl0f04fo i8 ijkpo,ckness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of hej.0i i1o4b0oy kli,/j8 p fnfhat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermasoq w)/ha29/4gzg bm2pxnt 39oaj5 jnl conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conducjja p/2zg9gow/n3 mhs42xao q nb)59t tivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecu9i.tng4enb (wles from one place to another is referr inbe( nt.94wged to as

  By what primary heat transferkw ayok +6d.-j mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur vt:7 t:fypn9vfj yw/-s io3h5

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is imucq m9e rk/b4-7moarng8--,p b p )h.fnkiai3portant to humans in maintaining suitabp.bim mqug/-4i pbon -h7a r,kf-8) ek 9rn3cale body temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accele *zdcu48qlpu1xfh 4 i7ration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one siihlud c*47 pxqf1uz 84de of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same ma8+dcx.u+e lrmfm+ 4(r 4 qkftcterials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperatureqtfde4c. mr84mru+ +c( xf+k l on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature b rtbh -mdqjdai f)9;(k:s9o9of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating 9;dafdk-jtb)o(qs bm9h r:9ipower change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred lz; , k;)37m kre/dexko8- b9 (tgfmf5aopm nuto as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun 7p2 .wjin 2d gt1afai/warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how mrpzjk)qq53 ) much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is egi1 npquzs7 *any4/spj 1nwp.;5u+ hyquivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature.bj,;)lwm ns lqn;xb;dx: c)m of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2 36u2k7m-ycffc e bke0.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature chang627 0m-fecku bfkc3ey e?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is aez( 27kxuti +9(.jtsbgx*vyoriginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the te(j gwno9 y 5z1c1 msguiko9b93mperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by addinh ukn,v 9 -ghjz;:8dvqx4mqy.g 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of:ihtrdb k.bd:. n2jeg,d*fr1 copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the te:ddg1k ib*,.r 2rjb td en:f.hmperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatedax6v:.mnam+4c6 yfta 3 ko clxpi/1i+ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially aqjcie4qbn45y 44 x0aot $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at l*/ zgedsl 18v3va :ts$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system thatu4hp:n,mg0+ aqm e hyu+v(cnq 327 tzk7i.m cj is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object 2,z mq4nn m+yc m:7q eukthva(.c7h+ p j0u3gihas an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationship -152 cpr g7huijen:k.xznm4pg n1s;7wt8sge s between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall onh 2c:kp;-n tn z7gug esnm1er518 ji.gw pxs74 Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 y ux85yfm avq:, ipe0*irpz,xc+5fk2m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does iyce,:xu,fmpfz 8vp2 i *5kx ryq0+5athe water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long wou 6uwkve+;z;gsk,srq 8g ;vai; ld it ers 8,ai;vvk ; sg+;6qwgz;ku take to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of :/xfc:ip1p :2f7ed j8kiyia zwater/c fp iefpjd:i27k::zi y81xa from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g, 8+ vgxmbp+ezsl*ieg anpi*,r)ilcl:: 0 gl7*$c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heaaohe5ym-we: a/i qnz t4;:lc-t = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it q4bsa,(hl zwjyo 40o6to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is f 8myoj 2(i*/daj: vjjrequired to melt 200 g y2/a jvfo8ijmjd:j ( *of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ig 8g 1ceq/,bp7injz +uce at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed frfkrwhv 2*8 8)csm jgl-om 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of icep,0o4p gwys7j16 l7mvej e fj o4p*-dt is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially 90,gkt 8 qfb-qq zdz/ls8n n8iat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atat eqnmu,, o47 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of wat;ge cg:wezy5 rs;(*nger at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one g7sdm) u 8k x* r7bd0gki52soclram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to cha x,z/ng-kwifv m68te)lh7h 2mnge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding) )r+faf m/g7or u 7kcethee+b),j, pf ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, a(ecm-vg- mppcti0:eavq)i3un/ z e -:nd the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and itsmp(vc:)cez3v -p 0gneti :qem /-i -au melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concret 1c2xd qql6 6tg//bfwze is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two8n 5aqdul1 p(ubu7qv5 rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained a uvpl nd78q5a(u 5u1qbt $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions9a4lmlk1 s,glu 2vd4q3 ,v1qke xj7u j of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature is 9vl a, sqmv7l3uuk l1gj j14k4dqe x,2$-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m.w-g 5ymi2 sk(c If the outside temperature 2ks5(ig y-wcmis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 houc.i0u l7f nx5v)v m bjho(.m0v2p8paq r through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete ((vj2c)ln8pamhp .i ob0qv0ux 57m f.v$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take et*ipy:oo k(ml : e-8vto transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost o9* s; 9qb8nmsenka* ithrough a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the te94lvst 6*sh p, fs(aqemperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of ars (f6*aqhs4et,9p vls ea $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human bod gk*g0o1* 1) /)epm douebjxwoy radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solo+ tmudj4 mt2:tat7ew i*f,z 2ar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.