The process shown on the T-V graph is ans9usi 0y.4/0q bd*is yi8w;7h b)z*vow rpg pv

  In an isothermal process, there sn6he(twoo 85ib w2f1 is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, x+u bv4dip+g4 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twiceofefna :s8yt5- -sws7 its original volume with no change in its temperature. -:e5 sfo-s s nawtf7y8This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L f oi-x e53 ble5ue:aa7ke1hj-to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechax5ee:b hl3o5aeu e7i 1a-kj-fnism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orice6g 2 o;x7*kd6whpln oc8ye0ginal volume during an isothermal process. Thgo2 onw06 6lee y;8dpc7hck*x e final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3(awi spo7ozti39uf,mq i :)a+0 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is izi:i a) pa m(qu,+7oswfto 39correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolnp, i 7+n)u1tlgs)pepdk 4z;k.ck/ k dated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This pro)1,kpd/n ks iu4+;g en tk)kldpz7.cpcess is

  When the first law of thermodynamik)l3 (e2wra,(rb: xdnpa ny-rcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vag( ; 5yb d0thjr1+aunalz)x+ olume during an adiabatic process. The final ad(5 0;y1nh) +jtaax bg r+lzupressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cone70sxu xd z*0, gbu3uiizc6c)tains*i0xc)u zuecg36b ,7i0sd xzu $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al:fwsx6.y wf3ak1 uwsp ,z72etl respects except that one contains ue1kfw6z:fs,2p3 y.s ta ww7x $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diae/ 8zx6; xp n:lxw (p9cw*xgcggram is an

  In an isobaric process, q2q- f(zfem5hj1b-zfpyt(:e m uv*4c there is no change in

  When the first law ofxoh ir+bul8u7 pg)9 y2sv(.pg thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at /iaixrxyi + 7o p/(cb.constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proci/oxb/ i+c(. 7ayripxess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at c rr 7 4y0k6qqkx6pu6nronstant p 4yn766pk0xrurqqr6k ressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagr )g)0q;x ctku vzyes*8am is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change ink75 7un 6i,rw5duh pnm

  When the first law ow7 :yz r9vj0hku1rdf*f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contad:84s)g7tngw o(fwtp ;h xp,a4cw 8 oriner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proowfpacg t ,(x s):84nhr;7wo g4pdwt8cess is

  Ten joules of heat en2vxed8 x6jf9 q8 mzcr,ergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal endcz29f j,6vrx exq88m ergy of the gas

State the first law of tr+p.1ck*7bric (o*xq9e 5 upo v fugf)hermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rex ln8-wk sdm-4servoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservo zk w (fsbhca0u.i2bfk785:qnzj /lx 7ir?

State the second law of thermody +aawobkkvaw c78 0z/;namics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muchk6f.u:o 2jw7:7mpdl-q yrgir work is done by pqi.wur:o-7r7 gy6mld :f 2kjan engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as th / rg(s47xydoie ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine iln 73eetfn +n 2fy)3ynvp(e:us to be 100%, the heat sink mustly3n n3 fn:en2t +)(ue7yf vpe be

  A Carnot cycle consisy gw6z*ubs mi.jw o7;*ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of th7k vbys3,6ij 4pmi sh3j/(lgqq6aqv +ermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrykd u 88v9bh e7je)v9gigerator is defined as the ratio odeu 9)kjg8 vev7hby89f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heavhyqj7yffh9x4 a:5 rhvmg5:5t pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, t, cq1kh 6) g-igqagz:poz**ol he entropy of the water

  According to the second ld lm6lt49j(e m.x5wmqa ca 21law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolatlw4el mmaa2.1(65 qm9xlj d tced system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamic2lduztxg * z7:5tsz9ss.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us tu -h4 /q qk5pvde(n7fco conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What s-tzd mkogm;7:9d* 10 dznmpa is the change in internom kmp;0d*n19: dz7ds m tz-agal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an9j,v wrzsl-1ty: a.rw ideal gas. What is the work dolzs :jt.y ,1a9 -rwwvrne in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process j u7rrntsuj644i5zw1 is -400 J. What is the change in inur6w 4js4 1j75tuir znternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is /z8fk 7yadq/ zthe change in internal enerqk7z/ 8a /zyfdgy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wh)19yy g- r2hnmtdlgm n85:q7v dqu/k bat is the change in internal energy 9 r8)bm:q2qd guv5tdlnnky/71h g y-m?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system d 06gbp0gght( x:q5x, 6wgozumecreases by 50 J. What is th 60p:u6 ,qtgozx5 ghwgb0gxm(e work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemsmpgslk4 *,(xr,1qs.7s e pon decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchange?ss,7s4(psemln *pqk.xr o g1,

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as itym4w;l.gmh s0be/ p3vc( otwsr+3 ct4 is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work 4wy/sc g btm l;.0ecv wto3 hp4sr+(3mis done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J oo;-ywtt1(rg6 cmit v c09 2spuf energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sampl-c(0ut69 tpwvygmc 1tri o;s2e?

  A system consists of 3.0g4hfm p(6g:mb kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wha)- q a4cyk acoxx,o5:* uqhkl8t is the eo4aohx:8qc*-5ukxal, yqc) kfficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives cus15h v 0ngm.150 J of heat per cycle. How much workg0nm svc h5.1u does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat 1m u ch*476iozkbw7r, o kn7ooper cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each c 67bz i14o7,or7k kwcomhnuo*ycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts pz45q ozzrf 11 ;fkf:g42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of1ff po:4qzg5;1r fkzz each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhauz :khf4 lz9 x;ku4tnbkrz2y ()sts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eaczfk;bk 9(2:yxk 4zzlthrun4 )h cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the ucw1 ( nx3;flzfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperatucx1 l3znf;(uw re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following u0ecf+i;zyf8*j cik( characteristics: combustion ci+c;8 fzicy k(0uf*ejhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinb+hnh0s)w0v-mkdx.)4eez fj g characteristics: combu)jvhed en +40ms wz kh)b.-x0fstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. zp3*j *al d8qr3ys .mbo21i8mvn hr5 pThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The k*o) +uqpd:joplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant genedadl*f4 k) a mklevqbx-p -/)4rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot ef+ ftx gxed5:1wupc xbvb2 -,e0ficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical en4 ) dsf d38/ka.4cvbr, *xvexkv/ juqfficiency possible for an engine operating betwe/*jxdf/) e4kr.x4v, ndu vbc8vqka s3en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is tv x1/rckju uu+ ,s,5r+aasq**q q 0juzhe temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservos/qsc1xuvrjkqurq+a +u ua 5j*,*,z0ir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatin+qr:l ze gu7.hg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin wm0prk9 .manbz8.c4ng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roomr c 8z0 4.nmawb.9kmnp per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmen/r*piwqnr 3 -op/ 6f-8betd uot at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyq/w-/tn 8 b*d6p3 reo-ufioprcle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 2d8q7o ,in-rtg 30 J of heat from the freezer and expels 35ir7 8gont-,q d6 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy:wvv bby u-v32/:kxzd when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the 607 bgxltiy/mcj3h,twv ) vo+change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothu67aq nix 9le; fq-a0nermal expansion and its entropy changes 7nq xl9; ni60uaq-eaf by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at faou 9pr*0d,y $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.