The process shown on the T- jz/ 3. wplnn5cb6gc:qV graph is an

  In an isothermal process, therea6-dpcw- w3xf is no change in

  When the first law of r.xmvu)-ns,cn19 lgc thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with n zodonfd+s .977xk )o+qmu k+vo change in its temperature. This process mzn 9kv)q7fx k+ d7s.+doo uo+is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermal2f2.kxwd d 5zs roe v-0ww*m-zly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energydd0s f.-5z o-2rvmww*wk 2z ex is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed ct)s tcny5+ e* c)2v6gp zv0io1 6tireto one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of tenc tc0y*)cz 1o)rts56v+pi6vi 2g ethe gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thivyff-rvsp+0 b z ;z,d*s process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?by-vvf z; fp z+*0ds,r

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During th et1co5 zjx(7 d0c01hj8y c16nhgqvqe jh6b1fe event, the gas exchanged no heat with its q0jyt7de1hc1o61j e zv hb1 (x5gjc0fhq cn68surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics, 5pu3 c:+q1 3xhli raek$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half itpi 2cz1 zh3.an* w lekgq*0ma5s original volume during an adiabatic process. The finalgc.em1a5* iha3 zqzwl*0 2 kpn pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders:mebdzseaxp) ilp4du(f :g7 o:/wm,; of gas identical in all respects except that one contains /m:d7zf( eibe:ppmg od w )u;:a,xs4l$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one ml 1p.4 jqn u*rowo1.ah+v2 kycontainsnvjrh .q14o *ua1kop2 lm.w+y $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the Ppkskpj ;+(dg os0w1 m 496rrobV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, thern1g mky+(:6ee pt (stse is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, xy , 21ol5sjch 5beh/t$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at *pbbw7rag3 y:r1 l 7dxht1-k econstant pressure as heat is added to it. This proca lx-*7 rrybpw1g e:3hbdt7k1 ess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idewh w4 v0sug: mz9lb 9qfj;3r:ual gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internalz v9b: ju :;r34mg9luq0 hsfww energy of the gas

  The process shown on the c 93bmv44abngz:g o (aPV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, therei/77w0yc k ennd5 t2ije kn-t, is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyn6ah )b n2jz us8dpi.-36ksyjgamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containerypw9 l v;7x42j9rj -18.uzfqwn jqdea that cannot expand as heat energy is added to w9jpwu-2e f;l 7j y8x.rv4jdq zq9an1 it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at ca9 x3 7p( iukvf h/4zxf6wbd4tonstant volume. As a result, the internal energy of (/ v ph4 d3x ffut97kxzw4b6aithe gas

State the first law of thermodynam3ug:oi kg 9ha-ics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a con61pvm-k5mrb q vt b1/ld reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold r5a+/ inq jqr -ezy2y4xeservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermo.yf-8 l5izcgdo:i40 mewi4tq dynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Duringjpv 79 l5rq3ub one cycle, how much work ilv pqj9b5ru7 3s done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heaxm + .g+;ruzg.ll )mbpd+b;n ngw1uo7 t engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hb, ;jwz)a: gcgp;t 8apeat sink mu8pwpzj:at ;gab;,)gcst be

  A Carnot cycle consistsx (sdy eu8 kuq-.(uk+w of

Give the Kelvin-Planck staag tx 7c/,vo;dnh i,g5tement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (C52w(k 5rubyfr OP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ob2r55yr uk w(ff

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heatv r83rg7hxfs( pcn1a , pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, th +4u5nwbv1 bspe entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that 2*og ,2buhvmvmay occur wihb*ugvm vo2 2,thin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second l4:nn6 jpxw+v q (ggr+iaw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concl+ wot2itp3ix(ude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heatq )mq/p6;gab 7cl0vmq is removed from an ideal gas. What is thq 6 ;q)vqagc7mmp l/b0e change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, wnwd2ht5 )x0 m5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thnw xtmh2d )50we work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas syo8tvsdrl2 + 6x*i7zpastem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the clvr7 ix8tz2dp+ 6os* ahange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically+l1/1m17s rv, zkpk9jcvf sen. What is the change in internal energy of the s7relvv1 +9jzp f1n1sc/k,mk gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an a9y34o)a, r ffdolh2fmdiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in interoyfh3r9,4 fl )damo 2fnal energy?

  In an isochoric proc/nf-a8izuo; g ess, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?-/f8;gzin ao u

  In an isochoric process, the internal energyi g)qxq.hkwj5 0a2geon (-j t7 of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the n)q-gejhj7xq a0g52ktiw.o ( heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at consta4:ym9b2ta qb hl;ypi6nxy,,k ssul 10 nt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy y,ap ut bxl,b yy2kq9nh l6im:40s;s1from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J y o2tj chhjq*x-:mq --of energy is removed t2- j-hcyo*q- :hmqxj from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg o-jt. fd9 r1hhkdbnh2j( iu-iu 5r3vg6f water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 30h+h(n5jycj( g yy/ia8 bal4o:00 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency i yhc54b+(hg j/: (layyonaj8?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hz 2zd +s4)toy3iv v2afeat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each +s v ozda4)v2iy3tz f2cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiencykc7 -xr w l7v+vp;jppc -l7:qh of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it e c;-vr-l77+pv7 jpkh:cp xlw qxhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat emvlb*- u0q8-dov zo .tach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycle.bz m0 vv*qo-.ult- o8d

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle anfwmiiot4cu 6c.-- .hp d exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wocp-uim . ih w-t.4o6cfrk done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterdpn 5,ai/.txj zj(aq- istics: combustion chamber zat, j/(.nda5qx pji -temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristics ,6m-s jh1q,nlbicdq 1: co,msn1-idb q6 ch1j,lqmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follo9ij2hjrk7jw q 5o:qpq7do)p +wing characteristics: combustion chamber2pqo :9q 5)7k ijrp +jq7ojhwd temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of )csba;c nxu;h*bq4/::ft hbk electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The p eyilng8,a .j9v5 gs.tlant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrpu(ycyj8*urcf g s:2nyrxx/0*z 7janh5 9 s3 vic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine :. ph0jvv l 1xn/-samdwhich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for z sx+aomn43 5.tltq0ban engine operating betwa0 + 4.bmtlt5qs xz3noeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine z* 5z-)mipr3+a dcjnb is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of tjma5 *p+cziz r-bn3)dhe hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatxlz2jmq)ia 0) ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 2zu6.d9, xo8x :cb xmaxjnh+/q0 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requib8 mnodz6 x +x:.q axhucjx,/9red in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezit.jfhm4mzo0 (cd ;g8,ae*n7x+ c lyjb ng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into n8mfjol4m (g,yc.;hjc* t0dz ae7 b +xa room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of q*:8+)to iwg9z bdudy operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer t9yu db* d+:w)zi8gqoand expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of gd v+mp j 0w;r4i)ev(kice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change i9 .k7l)a50zg9e5gdci rgwdy.mm .rgrz c:+ rcn entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas q -sbx.f1iomtk *oaz*b ,l0.xat STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chanom q. 1, .kosxbf-ilxt*a*zb0ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 4cm (t(1i6q*qgfkvni $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.