The process shown on q4/qd l,j hw,ithe T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no cha76rnvgkv 9-tz kq qr5.nge in

  When the first law ob5k4xdp 1xpml 94gisue9u x4/mfk:0bf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatur8fi(- u a iw ec0ocalq4 j49cjzjmr042e. This process is04 jjczc 4ar8qife0-(alm2w juo9i4c

  An ideal gas is compressed isother y.z 5hja-mj(nmally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of ener.z(jm5h- anyj gy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half aw+d2r 6l0 o3g/zjptfut6 .uthrm(c 2its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the urpmf6g/+(2wo0u 2 z.6a t hdctjlr3tgas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 koz; -oqrtg:/ 5wvh6dL. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thatqo ;r 6o5htzkd :/g-wv expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed i *z1iqe-(zpnk)jwdo:9w8j zy n an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundi-(odpy9 ze i*)k 8:jqzw wzn1jngs. This process is

  When the first law of thermody wimgb:7uv* b0namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compres b:))g6kb mfz4ssbdhq;;ktu r; 3h9j ssed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic f3j:b4r g)q)mdhsuskb sk9h;z;6t b ;process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respec*ixn+vfu;7o ma5v o3nocv5 2wts except that one contains 7 vof ; nxwv5*253nc+umaoiov $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinderm zn4kkj m1 x1gc)sutg,) (o1zs of gas identical in all respects except that one contains ck1uz n(zg 1om)tgs,1kxmj4)$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV di+g/a(wzd ldvbw -i w9 6-aayb1agram is an

  In an isobaric proces)ruhsr9gx -;-vm 9ri gs, there is no change in

  When the first law of themvv+7 cr9x y wry:-yuih*w6n/rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. m( l q7;vy*hjmThis process is ;mvjy l7q(*hm

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a s5jkpj7(c- bzv*,iayk1 9 iygw ample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of t - w7aygy*j,c5vjip 1zkki9(b he gas

  The process shown onui(;w2 ar ndg4 the PV diagram is

  In an isochoric proc(lcv.ke 7oxj4 ua qdj.j3gy0(ess, there is no change in

  When the first law of :q tz)pxc2y:bthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that can(qp ujq jpuv*kkcd+m// *3gc2si+ q4vnot expand as heat energy is added to*d *gu3m(qcsqkjv2/c i+vp+q jpk u /4 it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy ari,p;q /e3l xydltnv 8wn0t g:3e transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant vo :/ l,vd3t 8p;tgewl3ni yqnx0lume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodyna( yvh kginwa0 c;/db24mics.

  Is it possible to transfe* ,1p mrz1z z8rbag, 8b.yktywr heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold ral*(ammc) u-cm9iw u0ii+bq6 z cym)+o d9 qk8eservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics al) ez/gs6b-gl; w n jq7zl68jiccording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, h12xst;bv,t x* pm y-joow much work is done bs v ,*jt-2tp;mb oyx1xy an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rana6k:++xh nirtio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of acg: 44:hsz;: qww l02kt wemua Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mucgta w:4muleww4;:skzqh2 : 0st be

  A Carnot cycle consispjisy a7* g+ng0t +fche0clv6s: w(k8ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck st; f15keo cl*glatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the rati22rpeohz.ht xm 0j o3(o o.moz 03(o 2hh repx2jtf

  The coefficient of perf)z/v2lm; zup d xm2x0formance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entro:7,hl9cje7 leb ,rpr mpy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for*7dz ,sybhv:k/5xdu e any process that may occur within an isolated system, which v:*5dz yde7,su hk/xbone of the choices applies?

Give a general stateme/btmo(u* jpc s+ n(hn5a6dw 7lnt of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics 7 d,s1ppd ujuja669n tleads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5f-03fjkxqmief e; 9+e .0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the cefim -09 j+efqef 3;xkhange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed ybc7 iqi( kw(k*)x7uafrom an ideal gas. What is the work done in ( biuxyqc(7a7ki )kw *the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -40tzl,(v4 7hrp5z9eyus 0 J. What is the change in internal(eutvyz45lr7 h 9sp z, energy?

  200 J of work is done in co(,m mi6qg9her mpressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in iegh9ir,q mm(6 nternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whijq yqb 0 )aqo6v9)xy* kqq)ul*c+jfk*le doing 25 J of work. What is the change*))kaq*+j* v 6cqjyuq 9bxk y0oq)qfl in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the .mke i(ot b4fh5 4,9n3jpt1fid- pcrq internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the woi4 n3rm.pkdje qf (,phib -co5tft 914rk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreas rz fvdg:ye6r1yi31ys3 qsrqf 1/1 y1pes by 50 J. What is ths yy1 3z3ey1v r ridfs6 qf/yg1r1pq:1e heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as3q s 9mj ir3d:6)smhnu4nd4dv it is cooled bujdv) dn9qsn:md3rh m46s3 4iy 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of en(by.z1ld2w 0qc5zbbdergy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in th21( 50zd .qlbc bbzywde sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wat g(gi7q:3*ms1 clmszser at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cy: bjb,nszu0av8 ,,i jfcle. What is the efuf8 bab,,jn: 0,jizsvficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency et ep,e)gn,y7tm xw4(vg7)hwjsv8l, of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muv,ye h(, )e8lj,7 74gt)tgnwspe wxmvch work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cveguo),6s *kn ycle. How much heat does esgv6) kuno, *it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 69 ev*wnqz5mro9-t4r7sxo 7qu4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cxq9w t9zuoq47*7mr s5-erno vycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcalk8)k+(iq 1w chp 0zcel. Calculate the work donh z1q c i)ewlkc+pk8(0e each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hafo 3jh 222yhihmq87xd s the following characteristics22q 7jf2ohhhm x83iyd: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following character0 7(s(n. o.iohcmghv qistics: combustion chambe vsomgcn0q(.i h.ho(7r temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cen; 76pppw 2ozharacteristics: combustion chamber temperatu7ze opn2p 6pw;re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant genera +ftntj-5sc ,gq uzk5-0zj: xza)ya3etes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric lu7e6o bvd7syflv9763 bhv0r so p;)rpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pla1kcep e9,u;zer0p uf 91 mtya4nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which br: h r10khavwt(r;eu,+pj wgr97 /bh operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum thal f6m+ mq4lr+eoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between mal4 q+ r6mf+l$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whoo3g a4m *0rfmozk m40 0rnf3yat is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tron ofrm4y0 343gzfao*m0 mk 0emperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweea*weayn ubsn4 d650, hv1+ylmn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratkbq9.fu j79l)51oouy vh 5 onke of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each bovo 97h)ykf5unj1o9 ql.uk 5 cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compu 5ti e6*jrr6s klz3t,lu2nhg7:a(dz artment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. su5zul6j3 rdrn(kl 6i t,7e*tah2:zgWhat is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of g-v;m+ hwojx g()mheu39m yx1 heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the r3gv x ;u9gmwy )hem+ j1(m-xhooom. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in ent(d g6jk1m5x gmqn,. 4alg*ew sropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice b:;h.of :qe ixfreezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP unde1de /1l:c7 rmli1u1 zziu* pr-s8ppgvrgoes an isothermal expansion and its entrop*p ilgi18lps :-7zvmr1d/e1cpr u1uzy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at bi /jma.lh1wnuwp 4 prn6i+ab6+bae ;g bk/63$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.