The process shown on the T-V graph is ad sy7344p oamc7v pb6xn

  In an isothermal process, there is no changelwpu*+.ioi yoe 9)c i9 in

  When the first law of therm6kgl -ms medya c;(vwg9br ky;:pyq0n.-8s2xodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice it*dgtib p-9)w, kgxg+ks original volume with no change in its temperaturet- w9d)ggxk*p,ki+ bg . This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 3-mu:l , uooip90 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external:pm 9, uou-oil mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isother;8 qkddeptpf/o +(tzrnsxr a( 42-d/ imal process. r2ze;ft ddp8s +(qad orn- ti4/(x/kp The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally fro f8 thtrq8*oq1m 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the extoh qrq 8*t81fternal mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatedgb j49jimt;.u environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This p.ujg4;9itj mbrocess is

  When the first law of thermodynv8hkshpg,a8w.f z l /0amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during anssmmf100l 9fh+ etjc+ adiabati1 sjf9mft+ 0+cm0l hesc process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders ofiyrbg; mjeg1(*0z; na0e wp,c gas identical in all respects except that one containsc*g(,ewi;0 prnyz bg j1me;0 a $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that ouh)qv0- w3r;z 0yu v:2z vb 7y)tpncwrne contains )2qv);v7nw y-rz puh 0wbc:3rvzuyt0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the b,9 ryl lzb i8vm6j3rl-n2e8v)it qp2 g;x.dmPV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change in0 ;e0ki8,q*ae ugymfct70/p :kqrv xw

  When the first law of thermodynamics,tmbwkk8ns k n.):1 q6j $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is f qlvgynnw m5 e.2f-mx1p)/r-added to it. This procexym vf-g1 -lr5/ne n.fwp2m )qss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampltqzdk5ap :;kaq408a9 n.m ryle of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a rk q58tzk.;9 aa4pymqa ln :dr0esult, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram kvl4 ) j5ws, poip;,d iof(z8wis

  In an isochoric process, there is no c6;acps-:ofmn+t j1mr hange in

  When the first law of ther 1hk+ce-)et: lusa)mymodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to h.70h fvvuezdd1(oh9 a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added. odfhd1vzh 0e(7hu 9v to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred td0+; jju qyse/iaubu9sh;2)i5 kb b 1to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, t0eiui/ta u ;b s1 )9ju2h+j5sbkdb;y qhe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermgs80/x6tj hzl q,(0- ajjwcjgodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a coohm nkgw,+e; 4+k6jqyld reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer haicq8m. o k/b1lpso/ :eat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordin5 6r;+q -lxwrd1ynfnsp-)ou cg to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one4 e.qfsmu+t0f cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thisf q0e+mf4tus . cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined u2p 1i k5xtrl*zwy g:1as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the zg/ gz7t cn7c:heat sink must bg7tczc 7gnz: /e

  A Carnot cycle consi ij0q-hd 5-qtg-- ke.fiwz onc/ia8c- sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the sed v2aw4mjtyg)3 kt 19kcond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a rap i5+w:h fg/,sq( *rzdn0xkcefrigerator is defined as the ratio of*fdxkns/a:gh +( 0rpwzc,q i5

  The coefficient of perfor 6dah2v3neq4x9g lby7mance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the waau- ;00joxz egter

  According to the second law80+- m) ucj3d5oaja0n udqvw k of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur withiuwacda8- vk) o0j+j5 03dqmn un an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamiccbwdv8:1sy2gqsv ts,5qwk 9,s.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads u*0vjl r,a75 qwzpyb e1s to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rm:i2av2 z z xl2*b -nr(k,)7kfvf ytuvemoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in : i2f2 v 2uavt7n,kf-kmyz x l(*)rvzbinternal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remk5vzn)*p)+lu hb8k ixij,f 5hoved from an ideal gas. What is the work done in h ikhljx)pnk b+fz*i)u855 ,vthe process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -q,vkw+fqq)79fed(6 fz ls 5il 400 J. What is the change in internal energdslflezqqw) 7fk ( 6f+ i,5qv9y?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticallyez:i(lr7 0o 1 kawuw7d. What is the change in internal energy of1 raw7:e7(z0ul kid wo the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J o0ohbwg4 -v/e0i j p)xcf work. What is the change/j)w-0gc40bivho ex p in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jkary g1 p;zz::. Whatg;pzyzak: : 1r is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energyhdkw7:j (u p*j of a system decreases by 50 J. Whatd7uk:p w(h*jj is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maint(oygw) 02e(uuc0gnf8b s jl-+ h .kulhained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J(0he 8ucn gu )ol.uls+-j gfb2k( 0ywh of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whef e 3z):z6qzemn 831 J of energy is removeeq fz3e):zzm6d from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of ; ek0n(f s.h;/k beuim3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat a9t ,fw)a1 6)wu krcjrvnd loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effirwuk9t1r6wcf)) av,j ciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. 9tahbgig) , 6mHow much work does it perform in each )htg amb,96 igcycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%scv-bsk-d9** h zr yqal3)cv( and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each -skcrsayhdzc*b3-(v * q) l9vcycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat earjrc*zg x *0dsqx -j)jv6sm7. ch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycle*m)jx sdzc0rvs *6x-j.r 7qjg .

  A heat engine absorbs 64,kh8f qot 0 y-yoo8sp/ kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyclef h,qoopoysk0 88y- /t.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisw td;,nritha ,e0-l *umc6 )nrtics: combustion chamber tempcu,,n0ndh r waim;)ertlt* 6-erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficix*32krdhxh9f9 .wx 9yq lhnd4ent engines built so far has the following characteristicsh2dwlfydxk*hn 9x. xrh9 4q93 : combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the 3jggv9+lfz b mt2e g01following characteristics: combustion chambfvg b1g3tlgj ez +9m02er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant gedj8ti v90cu6y nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electyz7h9f n)p9lvric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elecfowf7tkui.+e5 z79hr tric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates1 . d h;bmkgpv(duxh1ov ms7:8 between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pv6 uuezbl+kmr )3undvu*2g 94ossible for an engine operating betwe2nvbuv4ur 6*e3klmg zd+uu ) 9en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%7 9f .s9zgve.sjt)tse. What is the temperature of the cold rese sesgj.. 9sf)v tz97tervoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating 6jqo3cv brhb9b qd-y:mc(.3 c(w i0bwbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from th a(eiu-1st dge n66sp+e freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work s e6g6eas 1t+ -(pduinis required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes he0vk4 lb,e: (,xukcr roat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejecc:,(evukb, 4lo 0krxr ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operatiowx en;u *g n r6-os4*mgmg+*hwn, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to tgw*4smxenro w h;mu *6*+g-nghe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whh csas9lrtw(8nockx8h 98 8x(en 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy isf ndku d n7e )mxckh6g6v/+i53

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its enk :,hsu4vm3o:ow p775gkat igtropy chan: kw 35:ukp hvgiat,mo7o gs74ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at v) 8*fzu 6 h:bkwznd exgba k 4dwqw583r8//ei$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.